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Randomization and allocation to trial group were computer\u2010generated.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title><jats:p>Primary care waiting rooms of five federally qualified health centers in Los Angeles County (LAC), USA.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 334 adult primary care patients (171 intervention; 163 control) with RDU scores (4\u201326) on the World Health Organization (WHO) Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test (ASSIST) self\u2010administered on tablet computers. 261 (78%) completed follow\u2010up. Mean age was 41.7\u2009years; 62.9% were male; 37.7% were Caucasian.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Intervention(s) and Measurement<\/jats:title><jats:p>Intervention patients received brief (typically 3\u20134 minutes) clinician advice to quit\/reduce their drug use reinforced by a video doctor message, health education booklet and up to two 20\u201330\u2013minute follow\u2010up telephone drug use coaching sessions. Controls received usual care and cancer screening information. Primary outcome was patient self\u2010reported use of highest scoring drug (HSD) at follow\u2010up.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Findings<\/jats:title><jats:p>Intervention and control patients reported equivalent baseline HSD use at 3\u2010month follow\u2010up. After adjustment for covariates, in the complete sample linear regression model, intervention patients used their HSD on 3.5 fewer days in the previous month relative to controls (P&lt;0.001), and in the completed sample model, intervention patients used their HSD 2.2 fewer days than controls (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.005). No compensatory increases in use of other measured substances were found.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>A primary\u2010care based, clinician\u2010delivered brief intervention with follow\u2010up coaching calls may decrease risky psychoactive drug use.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/add.12993","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,16]],"date-time":"2015-10-16T07:56:31Z","timestamp":1444982191000},"page":"1777-1790","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":60,"title":["Project QUIT (Quit Using Drugs Intervention Trial): a randomized controlled trial of a primary care\u2010based multi\u2010component brief intervention to reduce risky drug use"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"110","author":[{"given":"Lillian","family":"Gelberg","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA Department of Family Medicine  Los Angeles CA USA"},{"name":"University of California at Los Angeles Fielding School of Public Health  Los Angeles CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ronald M.","family":"Andersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California at Los Angeles Fielding School of Public Health  Los Angeles CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdelmonem A.","family":"Afifi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California at Los Angeles Fielding School of Public Health  Los Angeles CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barbara D.","family":"Leake","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA Department of Family Medicine  Los Angeles CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lisa","family":"Arangua","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA Department of Family Medicine  Los Angeles CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mani","family":"Vahidi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA Department of Family Medicine  Los Angeles CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kyle","family":"Singleton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California at Los Angeles Medical Imaging Informatics Group  Los Angeles CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julia","family":"Yacenda\u2010Murphy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA Department of Family Medicine  Los Angeles CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steve","family":"Shoptaw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA Department of Family Medicine  Los Angeles CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael F.","family":"Fleming","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine  Chicago IL USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sebastian E.","family":"Baumeister","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine University of Regensburg  Germany"},{"name":"Institute for Community Medicine University Medicine Greifswald  Greifswald Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psc.2012.03.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","unstructured":"National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA).Strategic plan on reducing health disparities2003[updated 2007\/01\/24]. 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