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Crude all\u2010cause mortality rate per 100 person\u2010years was 0.51 on treatment versus 1.57 off treatment, adjusted mortality rate ratio 3.64 (95% CI\u2009=\u20092.11\u20136.30). All\u2010cause mortality off treatment was 6.36 (95% CI\u2009=\u20092.84\u201314.22) times higher in the first 2\u2009weeks, 9.12 (95% CI\u2009=\u20093.17\u201326.28) times higher in weeks 3\u20134, compared with being 5\u2009weeks or more in treatment. All\u2010cause mortality was lower in those with regular supervision (crude mortality rate 0.60 versus 0.81 per 100 person\u2010years) although, after adjustment, insufficient evidence exists to suggest that regular supervision is protective (mortality rate ratio\u2009=\u20091.23, 95% CI\u2009=\u20090.67\u20132.27).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Among primary care patients undergoing methadone treatment, continuing in methadone treatment is associated with a reduced risk of death. Patients' risk of all\u2010cause mortality increases following treatment cessation, and is highest in the initial 4\u2010week period.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/add.13087","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,1]],"date-time":"2015-08-01T10:46:56Z","timestamp":1438426016000},"page":"73-82","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":58,"title":["Risk of mortality on and off methadone substitution treatment in primary care: a national cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"111","author":[{"given":"Gr\u00e1inne","family":"Cousins","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland  Dublin Ireland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fiona","family":"Boland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Research Board Centre for Primary Care Research Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland  Dublin Ireland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Brenda","family":"Courtney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Research Board Centre for Primary Care Research Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland  Dublin Ireland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joseph","family":"Barry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Trinity College Centre for Health Sciences Tallaght Hospital  Dublin Ireland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Suzi","family":"Lyons","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Research Board  Dublin Ireland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tom","family":"Fahey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Research Board Centre for Primary Care Research Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland  Dublin Ireland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2010.03140.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","first-page":"29","article-title":"European Drug Report 2013: Trends and developments","volume":"18","author":"European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA)","year":"2013","journal-title":"Euro Surveill"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","unstructured":"BelleroseD. 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