{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T15:56:41Z","timestamp":1787932601233,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,13]],"date-time":"2016-04-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1460505600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Addiction"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>To evaluate the effectiveness of an online school\u2010based prevention program for ecstasy (MDMA) and new psychoactive substances (NPS).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cluster randomized controlled trial with two groups (intervention and control).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title><jats:p>Eleven secondary schools in Australia.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 1126 students (mean age: 14.9\u00a0years).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Intervention<\/jats:title><jats:p>The internet\u2010based <jats:italic>Climate Schools<\/jats:italic>: <jats:italic>Ecstasy and Emerging Drugs module<\/jats:italic> uses cartoon storylines to convey information about harmful drug use. It was delivered once weekly, during a 4\u2010week period, during health education classes. Control schools received health education as usual.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Measurement<\/jats:title><jats:p>Primary outcomes were self\u2010reported intentions to use ecstasy and NPS at 12 months. Secondary outcomes were ecstasy and NPS knowledge and life\u2010time use of ecstasy and NPS. Surveys were administered at baseline, post\u2010intervention and 6 and 12 month post\u2010baseline.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Findings<\/jats:title><jats:p>At 12 months, the proportion of students likely to use NPS was significantly greater in the control group (1.8%) than the intervention group [0.5%; odds ratio (OR)\u00a0=\u00a010.17, 95% confidence interval (CI)\u00a0=\u00a01.31\u201378.91]. However, students' intentions to use ecstasy did not differ significantly between groups (control\u00a0=\u00a02.1%, intervention\u00a0=\u00a01.6%; OR\u00a0=\u00a05.91, 95% CI\u00a0=\u00a01.01\u201334.73). There was a significant group difference in the change from baseline to post\u2010test for NPS knowledge (\u03b2\u00a0=\u00a0<jats:italic>\u2212<\/jats:italic>0.42, 95% CI\u00a0=\u00a0\u22120.62 to \u22120.21, Cohen's <jats:italic>d<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.77), with controls [mean\u00a0=\u00a02.78, standard deviation (SD\u00a0=\u00a01.48] scoring lower than intervention students (mean\u00a0=\u00a03.85, SD\u00a0=\u00a01.49). There was also evidence of a significant group difference in ecstasy knowledge at post\u2010test (control: mean\u00a0=\u00a09.57, SD\u00a0=\u00a03.31; intervention: mean\u00a0=\u00a011.57, SD\u00a0=\u00a03.61; \u03b2\u00a0=\u00a0\u22120.54, 95% CI\u00a0=\u00a0\u22120.97 to \u22120.12, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.01, <jats:italic>d<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.73).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The <jats:italic>Climate Schools<\/jats:italic>: <jats:italic>Ecstasy and Emerging Drugs module<\/jats:italic>, a universal online school\u2010based prevention program, appeared to reduce students' intentions to use new psychoactive substances and increased knowledge about ecstasy and new psychoactive substances in the short term.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/add.13345","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,16]],"date-time":"2016-02-16T11:28:43Z","timestamp":1455622123000},"page":"1396-1405","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Effectiveness of a universal internet\u2010based prevention program for ecstasy and new psychoactive substances: a cluster randomized controlled trial"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"111","author":[{"given":"Katrina E.","family":"Champion","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Health and Medical Research Council Centre of Research Excellence in Mental Health and Substance Use, National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre University of New South Wales  Sydney NSW Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicola C.","family":"Newton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Health and Medical Research Council Centre of Research Excellence in Mental Health and Substance Use, National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre University of New South Wales  Sydney NSW Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lexine A.","family":"Stapinski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Health and Medical Research Council Centre of Research Excellence in Mental Health and Substance Use, National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre University of New South Wales  Sydney NSW Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maree","family":"Teesson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Health and Medical Research Council Centre of Research Excellence in Mental Health and Substance Use, National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre University of New South Wales  Sydney NSW Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","unstructured":"United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime.World Drug Report 2013. Contract no.: Sales no. E.13.XI.6. New York: United Nations;2013."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18356\/db5c9347-en"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","volume-title":"New Psychoactive Substances Review: Report of the Expert Panel","author":"Home Office","year":"2014"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","unstructured":"United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime.World Drug Report 2015. Contract no.: Sales no. E.15.XI.6. New York: United Nations;2015."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0269881114565142"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2045125314559539"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5694\/mja13.10926"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/15563650.2011.645952"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","first-page":"53","article-title":"Pharmacology, toxicology, and adverse effects of synthetic cannabinoid drugs","volume":"26","author":"Gurney S. M.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Forensic Sci Rev"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2015.04.176"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2015.02.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2013.06.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","first-page":"139","article-title":"Effects and risks associated with novel psychoactive substances mislabeling and sale as bath salts, Spice, and research chemicals","volume":"111","author":"Hohmann N.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Dtsch Arztebl Int"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1570159X13666141210224137"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hup.2299"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","volume-title":"Annual Report 2012: the state of the drugs problem in Europe","author":"European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction","year":"2012"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","volume-title":"New Psychoactive Substances (NPS): Resource Pack for Informal Educators and Practitioners","author":"Home Office","year":"2015"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","volume-title":"International Standards on Drug Use Prevention","author":"United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime","year":"2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1465-3362.2012.00517.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","volume-title":"Consideration of the Novel Psychoactive Substances (\u2018Legal Highs\u2019)","author":"Advisory Council on the Misuse of Drugs (ACMD)","year":"2011"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","volume-title":"New and emerging psychoactive substances","author":"Network of Alcohol and Drug Agencies","year":"2014"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","article-title":"Patterns and correlates of new psychoactive substance use in a sample of Australian high school students","author":"Champion K.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Rev"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","volume-title":"Not for human consumption: an updated and amended status report on new psychoactive substances (NPS) and \u2018club drugs\u2019 in the UK","author":"Shapiro H","year":"2015"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","series-title":"Drug Statistics Series no 28","first-page":"2014","volume-title":"National Drug Strategy Household Survey detailed report 2013","author":"Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (AIHW)"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","volume-title":"Drug Misuse: Findings from the 2014\/15 Crime Survey for England and Wales","author":"Home Office","year":"2015"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4603(00)00119-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0002764296039007008"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD003020.pub3"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1747-597X-9-24"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00048670802653364"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2009.04.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2009.02853.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4236\/ojpm.2015.51003"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_35_1","volume-title":"Ralloc: Stata module to design randomized controlled trials","author":"Ryan P","year":"1997"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-13-1168"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_37_1","volume-title":"2007 National Drug Strategy Household Survey: Detailed Findings","author":"Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (AIHW)","year":"2008"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_38_1","volume-title":"Monitoring the Future National Survey Results on Drug Use: 1975\u20132014: Overview, Key Findings on Adolescent Drug Use","author":"Johnston LD","year":"2015"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.3527"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_40_1","volume-title":"Multilevel and Longitudinal Modeling Using Stata","author":"Rabe\u2010Hesketh S","year":"2008"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1201\/b17198"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.61.3.310"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_43_1","volume-title":"Design and Analysis of Group\u2010Randomized Trials","author":"Murray DM","year":"1998"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1746-1561.2009.00455.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-015-1704-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.h770"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/1082-989X.7.2.147"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(02)01867-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15288\/jsa.2002.63.581"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14635240.2012.735388"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2009.02510.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_52_1","volume-title":"National Drug Strategy Household Survey Detailed Report: 2013","author":"Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (AIHW)","year":"2014"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1359-6357.2003.00586.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0026201"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2013-004750"}],"container-title":["Addiction"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fadd.13345","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/add.13345","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,5]],"date-time":"2023-10-05T16:30:04Z","timestamp":1696523404000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/add.13345"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,13]]},"references-count":54,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/add.13345"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/add.13345","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0965-2140","1360-0443"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0965-2140","type":"print"},{"value":"1360-0443","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,13]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2015-09-29","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2016-02-10","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2016-04-13","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}