{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T16:58:22Z","timestamp":1790269102380,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,5]],"date-time":"2016-05-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1462406400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Addiction"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background and aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>Knowledge of the personality characteristics of individuals who develop gambling problems is important for designing targeted prevention efforts. Previous studies of the relationship between the five\u2010factor model of personality and gambling problems were based on small samples not representative of the general population. We estimated differences in neuroticism, extroversion, intellect, agreeableness and conscientiousness between non\u2010problem gamblers and individuals with low, moderate and severe gambling problems.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cross\u2010sectional survey.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title><jats:p>Norway.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 10 081 (51.5% female) individuals aged 16\u201374\u2009years (mean age 46.5\u2009years).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Measures<\/jats:title><jats:p>The Problem Gambling Severity Index, The Mini\u2010International Personality Item Pool and demographic variables. Differences between groups of gamblers were analysed by ordinary least\u2010squares regression models separately for each personality trait adjusting for gender, age, cohabitation, level of education and work status.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Findings<\/jats:title><jats:p>Gamblers with low, moderate and severe levels of gambling problems differed significantly from non\u2010problem gamblers in neuroticism (<jats:italic>b<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.16, 0.34 and 0.66, respectively, all <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) and conscientiousness (<jats:italic>b<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009\u22120.13, \u22120.28 and \u22120.44, respectively, all <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Moderate and severe problem gamblers differed from non\u2010problem gamblers in agreeableness (<jats:italic>b<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009\u22120.21, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001 and <jats:italic>b<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009\u22120.20, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.028, respectively). In addition, gambling problems were much more prevalent among men than women, and more prevalent among those who live alone, individuals without tertiary education and among those who are unemployed or on disability pension.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>A higher level of problem gambling severity appears to be associated with higher scores on neuroticism, and with lower scores on conscientiousness and agreeableness in the Mini\u2010International Personality Item Pool.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/add.13388","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,22]],"date-time":"2016-03-22T10:50:35Z","timestamp":1458643835000},"page":"1428-1435","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":53,"title":["Problem gambling and the five\u2010factor model of personality: a large population\u2010based study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"111","author":[{"given":"Geir Scott","family":"Brunborg","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychosocial Science University of Bergen  Norway"},{"name":"Department of Alcohol, Drug and Tobacco Research Norwegian Institute of Public Health  Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Hanss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychosocial Science University of Bergen  Norway"},{"name":"Fachbereich Gesellschaftswissenschaften und Soziale Arbeit Hochschule Darmstadt University of Applied Sciences  Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rune Aune","family":"Mentzoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychosocial Science University of Bergen  Norway"},{"name":"KoRus\u2010\u00d8st, Innlandet Hospital Trust  Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Helge","family":"Molde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Psychology University of Bergen  Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"St\u00e5le","family":"Pallesen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychosocial Science University of Bergen  Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1556\/JBA.1.2012.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1556\/JBA.3.2014.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1360-0443.2002.00015.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/9781400834655"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","volume-title":"The Canadian Problem Gambling Index: Final Report","author":"Ferris J.","year":"2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10899-006-9031-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2009.10.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0447.2000.101006473.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.2001.00336.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10899-008-9088-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291708002900"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","volume-title":"Research and Measurement Issues in Gambling Studies","author":"Toneatto T.","year":"2007"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291706007410"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10899-007-9086-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1021782710278"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10899-010-9180-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2010.12.026"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2012.03891.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10899-010-9178-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10899-014-9455-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01019931"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.117.2.187"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10478401003596626"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","volume-title":"Revised NEO personality inventory (NEO\u2010PI\u2010R) and NEO five\u2010factor inventory (NEO\u2010FFI) professional manual","author":"Costa P. T.","year":"1992"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2007.02.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10899-009-9119-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2009.07.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0272-7358(02)00101-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0013341"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2012.09.042"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2010.10.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/1040-3590.14.2.150"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.62.7.769"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2012.09.042"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.126.1.3"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0036863"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0024950"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_40_1","volume-title":"Omfang av penge\u2010 og dataspillproblemer i Norge 2013 [Prevalence of Gambling and Video Game Problems in Norway 2013]","author":"Pallesen S.","year":"2014"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10899-008-9107-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mpr.1392"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/1040-3590.18.2.192"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_44_1","volume-title":"Modern Epidemiology","author":"Rothman K. J.","year":"2008"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_45_1","first-page":"CR669","article-title":"The relationship of pathological gambling to criminality behavior in a sample of Polish male offenders","volume":"11","author":"Pastwa\u2010Wojciechowska B.","year":"2011","journal-title":"Med Sci Monit"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1556\/JBA.2.2013.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_47_1","volume-title":"School\u2010based Drug Prevention: What Kind of Drug Use Does it Prevent?","author":"Caulkins J. P.","year":"2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/02024458-201509000-00003"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/add.13172"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2011.05.032"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1753-6405.2012.00854.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_52_1","unstructured":"Productivity Commission.Gambling Report no. 50. Canberra: Productivity Commission;2010."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10899-012-9300-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_54_1","first-page":"7","volume-title":"Personality Psychology in Europe, vol. 7","author":"Goldberg L. R.","year":"1999"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00223891.2012.700466"}],"container-title":["Addiction"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fadd.13388","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/add.13388","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,5]],"date-time":"2023-10-05T16:29:08Z","timestamp":1696523348000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/add.13388"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,5]]},"references-count":54,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/add.13388"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/add.13388","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0965-2140","1360-0443"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0965-2140","type":"print"},{"value":"1360-0443","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2015-03-16","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2016-03-07","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2016-05-05","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}