{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,11]],"date-time":"2026-07-11T18:51:37Z","timestamp":1783795897102,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,24]],"date-time":"2016-08-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1471996800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,24]],"date-time":"2016-08-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1471996800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000027","name":"National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K01\u2010AA023233"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K01\u2010AA023233"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000027","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000027","name":"National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01\u2010AA022328"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01\u2010AA022328"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000027","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Addiction"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To estimate differences in post\u2010treatment psychosocial functioning among treatment \u2018failures\u2019 (i.e. heavy drinkers, defined as 4+\/5+ drinks for women\/men) from two large multi\u2010site clinical trials and to compare these levels of functioning to those of the purported treatment \u2018successes\u2019 (i.e. non\u2010heavy drinkers).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Separate latent profile analyses of data from two of the largest alcohol clinical trials conducted in the United States, COMBINE (Combined Pharmacotherapies and Behavioral Interventions) and Project MATCH (Matching Alcoholism Treatments to Client Heterogeneity), comparing psychosocial outcomes across derived classes of heterogeneous treatment responders.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Eleven US academic sites in COMBINE, 27\u00a0US treatment sites local to nine research sites in Project MATCH.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 962 individuals in COMBINE (69% male, 77% white, mean age: 44\u00a0years) treated January 2001 to January 2004 and 1528 individuals in Project MATCH (75% male, 80% white, mean age: 40\u00a0years) treated April 1991 to September 1994.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Measurements<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In COMBINE, we analyzed health, quality of life, mental health symptoms and alcohol consequences 12 months post\u2010baseline. In Project MATCH, we examined social functioning, mental health symptoms and alcohol consequences 15 months post\u2010baseline.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Findings<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Latent profile analysis of measures of functioning in both samples supported a three\u2010profile solution for the group of treatment \u2018failures\u2019, characterized by high\u2010, average\u2010 and low\u2010functioning individuals. The high\u2010functioning treatment \u2018failures\u2019 generally performed better across measures of psychosocial functioning at follow\u2010up than participants designated treatment \u2018successes\u2019 by virtue of being abstainers or light drinkers.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Current United States Food and Drug Administration guidance to use heavy drinking as indicative of treatment \u2018failure\u2019 fails to take into account substantial psychosocial improvements made by individuals who continue occasionally to drink heavily post\u2010treatment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/add.13518","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,1]],"date-time":"2016-07-01T13:26:41Z","timestamp":1467379601000},"page":"2145-2154","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["Finding success in failure: using latent profile analysis to examine heterogeneity in psychosocial functioning among heavy drinkers following treatment"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"111","author":[{"given":"Adam D.","family":"Wilson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, Center on Alcoholism, Substance Abuse and Addictions University of New Mexico  Albuquerque NM USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adrian J.","family":"Bravo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology Old Dominion University  Norfolk VA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew R.","family":"Pearson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, Center on Alcoholism, Substance Abuse and Addictions University of New Mexico  Albuquerque NM USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katie","family":"Witkiewitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, Center on Alcoholism, Substance Abuse and Addictions University of New Mexico  Albuquerque NM USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15288\/jsad.2007.68.419"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","first-page":"21","volume-title":"Medical Review of Vivitrol","author":"Food and Drug Administration (FDA)","year":"2006"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","volume-title":"Alcoholism: Developing Drugs for Treatment (no. PDA D\u20100152\u2010001)","author":"Food and Drug Administration (FDA)","year":"2015"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Guideline on the Development of Medicinal Products for the Treatment of Alcohol Dependence","author":"European Medicines Agency (EMA)","year":"2010"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","article-title":"Is the construct of relapse heuristic and does it advance alcohol use disorder clinical practice?","author":"Maisto S. A.","journal-title":"J Stud Alcohol Drugs"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.85.7.982"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/add.13210"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0893-164X.15.4.287"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1994.03520210056032"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07448480009596285"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.1999.tb04109.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15288\/jsad.2014.75.799"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2011.03473.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.295.17.2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.1993.tb05219.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.clinpsy.121208.131413"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/070674371305801204"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15288\/jsad.2008.69.21"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15288\/jsas.1994.s12.112"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","unstructured":"MillerW.R. ToniganJ.S. LongabaughR.The Drinker Inventory of Consequences (DrInC): An Instrument for Assessing Adverse Consequences of Alcohol Abuse. National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism;1995."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005650-199603000-00003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291798006667"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291700048017"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0740-5472(92)90062-S"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/016327878300600102"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","first-page":"1998","volume-title":"Mplus User's Guide","author":"Muthen L. K."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10705510902751010"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10705510709336744"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TAC.1974.1100705"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1214\/aos\/1176344136"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","first-page":"767","article-title":"Testing the number of components in a normal mixture","volume":"88","author":"Lo Y.","year":"2001","journal-title":"Biochem Int"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1912557"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_35_1","first-page":"2531","article-title":"Computationally efficient estimation of multilevel high\u2010dimensional latent variable models","author":"Asparouhov T.","year":"2007","journal-title":"Proc 2007 Jt Stat Meet"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_36_1","unstructured":"ClarkSL MuthenB.Relating latent class analysis results to variables not included in the analysis.2009. Available at:http:\/\/www.statmodel.com\/download\/relatinglca.pdf(accessed 21 March 2016)."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.13054"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.12001"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0029021"}],"container-title":["Addiction"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fadd.13518","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/add.13518","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/add.13518","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/add.13518","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]],"date-time":"2026-06-09T03:20:53Z","timestamp":1780975253000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/add.13518"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,24]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/add.13518"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/add.13518","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0965-2140","1360-0443"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0965-2140","type":"print"},{"value":"1360-0443","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,24]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2015-12-22","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2016-06-27","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2016-08-24","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}