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Research on successful SBIRT implementation has lagged behind studies of efficacy and effectiveness. This paper (1) outlines a conceptual framework, the SBIRT Program Matrix, to guide implementation research and program evaluation and (2) specifies potential implementation outcomes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Overview and narrative description of the SBIRT Program Matrix.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The SBIRT Program Matrix has five components, each of which includes multiple elements: SBIRT services; performance sites; provider attributes; patient\/client populations; and management structure and activities. Implementation outcomes include program adoption, acceptability, appropriateness, feasibility, fidelity, costs, penetration, sustainability, service provision and grant compliance.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The Screening, Brief Intervention and Referral to Treatment Program Matrix provides a template for identifying, classifying and organizing the naturally occurring commonalities and variations within and across SBIRT programs, and for investigating which variables are associated with implementation success and, ultimately, with treatment outcomes and other impacts.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/add.13656","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,13]],"date-time":"2017-01-13T10:06:31Z","timestamp":1484301991000},"page":"12-22","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":61,"title":["The SBIRT program matrix: a conceptual framework for program implementation and evaluation"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"112","author":[{"given":"Frances K.","family":"Del Boca","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Medicine and Health Care UConn Health  Farmington CT USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bonnie","family":"McRee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Medicine and Health Care UConn Health  Farmington CT USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Janice","family":"Vendetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Medicine and Health Care UConn Health  Farmington CT USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Donna","family":"Damon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Medicine and Health Care UConn Health  Farmington CT USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2014.7863"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1300\/J465v28n03_03"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2007.09.035"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/145507250802500608"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","volume-title":"Implementation Research: A Synthesis of the Literature","author":"Fixsen D.","year":"2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","first-page":"469","article-title":"Nygaard, Nilsen P. 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