{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T18:09:29Z","timestamp":1793297369156,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":90,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,9]],"date-time":"2016-12-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1481241600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000048","name":"American Cancer Society","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RSGPB\u201004\u2010009\u201001\u2010CPPB"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RSGPB\u201004\u2010009\u201001\u2010CPPB"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000048","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HL03533"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HL03533"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000867","name":"Robert Wood Johnson Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DK46834"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DK46834"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000867","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000867","name":"Robert Wood Johnson Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HD45763"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HD45763"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000867","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Addiction"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>To estimate longitudinal associations between self\u2010reported sexual orientation and past\u2010year polysubstance use among youth, and test how gender, age and early onset of tobacco and alcohol use contributed to variation in polysubstance use.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Longitudinal community\u2010based cohort of US adolescents from the Growing Up Today Study (GUTS 1) (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a016\u2009873) followed from ages 12\u201329\u00a0years.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title><jats:p>United States of America.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 13\u2009519 individuals (7839 females; 5680 males) who responded to at least one of five self\u2010administered questionnaires from 1999 to 2010. Ninety\u2010three per cent reported their race\/ethnicity as non\u2010Hispanic white.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Measurements<\/jats:title><jats:p>Multivariable repeated measures generalized estimating equations estimated relative risks (RRs) of concurrent polysubstance use (i.e. past 12\u2010month use of three or more substances) comparing sexual orientation minority youth [i.e. mostly heterosexual (MH), bisexual (BI), gay\/lesbian (GL)] to their same\u2010gender, completely heterosexual (CH) counterparts. Mediation analyses tested whether early onset of tobacco and\/or alcohol use explained relationships between sexual orientation and concurrent polysubstance use.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Findings<\/jats:title><jats:p>Compared with their same\u2010gender CH peers, sexual minorities evidenced higher risk for concurrent polysubstance use over all repeated measures [risk ratios (RRs) for sexual minority subgroups: from 1.63\u20132.91, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2010values: &lt;0.001] and for all age groups (RRs: from 1.50\u20134.04, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2010values: &lt;\u00a00.05\u2013&lt;\u00a00.001), except GL males aged 18\u201320\u00a0years. Differences between sexual minorities and CHs were larger among females than males (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2010values for sexual orientation\u00a0\u00d7\u00a0gender interactions were &lt;\u00a00.05 for MHs and BIs), and among younger versus older ages (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2010values for sexual orientation\u00a0\u00d7\u00a0age interactions were &lt;\u00a00.05, except for BI males). Sexual minorities\u2019 younger age of smoking and\/or drinking initiation contributed to their elevated polysubstance use (% of effect explained was between 9.4\u201324.3, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2010values: 0.04\u2013&lt;\u00a00.001), except among GL males.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Sexual minority youth in the United States, and in particular younger females, appear to be at disproportionate risk for concurrent past\u2010year polysubstance use. Early onset of smoking and drinking may contribute to elevated risk of polysubstance use among sexual minorities.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/add.13681","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,28]],"date-time":"2016-10-28T08:13:17Z","timestamp":1477642397000},"page":"614-624","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":49,"title":["Concurrent polysubstance use in a longitudinal study of US youth: associations with sexual orientation"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"112","author":[{"given":"Aleksandar","family":"Kecojevic","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health William Paterson University New Jersey  Wayne NJ USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hee\u2010Jin","family":"Jun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Public Health, Division of Health Promotion and Behavioral Science San Diego State University  San Diego CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sari L.","family":"Reisner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of General Pediatrics Boston Children's Hospital\/Harvard Medical School  Boston MA USA"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health  Boston MA USA"},{"name":"Fenway Health The Fenway Institute  Boston MA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heather L.","family":"Corliss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Public Health, Division of Health Promotion and Behavioral Science San Diego State University  San Diego CA USA"},{"name":"Channing Division of Network Medicine Brigham and Women's Hospital  Boston MA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","unstructured":"US Department of Health and Human Services (USDHHS).Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion. Healthy People 2020. Washington DC: USDHHS;2010."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/YCO.0000000000000069"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2012.08.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2007.02.024"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1470-6431.2004.00405.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2006.05.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-013-0622-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/apc.2007.0243"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10826080802484702"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1081\/JA-200066936"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15332640802081893"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2013.00061"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2013.01.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2012.09.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/10826084.2016.1160120"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15288\/jsa.2006.67.529"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2013.12.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10508-006-9088-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1300\/J463v03n01_07"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","volume-title":"The Health of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender People: Building a Foundation for Better Understanding","author":"Institute of Medicine (US) Committee on Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender Health Issues and Research Gaps and Opportunities","year":"2011"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2009.02531.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2009.02596.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ntr\/nts114"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.162.11.1071"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0012-1649.44.1.81"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0035499"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2009.12.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dar.12016"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2014.05.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2012.06.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2013.12.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2014.302346"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0b013e31823b1922"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2011.300433"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2015.07.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0899-3289(99)00007-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2015.11.035"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_39_1","first-page":"2012","volume-title":"Monitoring the Future National Results on Adolescent Drug Use: Overview of Key Findings, 2011","author":"Johnston L. D."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17523281.2013.786750"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0376-8716(00)00129-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/add.12829"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0193-953X(05)70074-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2007.08.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2013.11.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2007.115931"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1746-1561.2006.00127.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2008.02149.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.92.2.198"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2006.08.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.83.6.851"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0193841X07307316"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.91.2.225"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.74.7.673"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511499777"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.157.5.745"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2011.11.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2006-0223"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1369-1600.2011.00377.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2012.12030321"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2013.301702"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15288\/jsad.2014.75.319"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00406-007-0737-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-199906000-00024"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.89.4.714"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwh090"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/biomet\/73.1.13"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0258(19970715)16:13<1515::AID-SIM572>3.0.CO;2-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_69_1","volume-title":"Theoretical Epidemiology: Principles of Occurrence Research in Medicine","author":"Miettinnen O.","year":"1985"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_70_1","volume-title":"The missing covariate indicator method is nearly valid almost always","author":"Song M.","year":"2016"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2010.02931.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2137286"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0743554897124003"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1521\/aeap.2006.18.5.444"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-013-0468-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0012-1649.44.1.69"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_77_1","unstructured":"Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration.Results from the 2013 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Summary of National Findings. NSDUH Series H\u201048 HHS Publication no. 14\u20134863. Rockville MD: Substance Abuse Mental Health Services Administration [internet].2014;1\u2013143. Available at:http:\/\/www.samhsa.gov\/data\/sites\/default\/files\/NSDUHresultsPDFWHTML2013\/Web\/NSDUHresults2013.pdf(accessed 25 February 2016) (Archived athttp:\/\/www.webcitation.org\/6mKf64zNM)."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10826080801914402"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15288\/jsad.2012.73.675"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2011.300261"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2012.08.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2009.09081161"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291708003425"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_84_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1975.01760250115013"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_85_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.91.6.933"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_86_1","first-page":"227","volume-title":"Textbook of Homosexuality and Mental Health","author":"Cass V.","year":"1996"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_87_1","volume-title":"Not Yet Equal: The Health of Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Youth in BC","author":"Saewyc E.","year":"2007"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_88_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15288\/jsa.2005.66.620"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_89_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10508-010-9691-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_90_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/jwh.2006.15.556"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_91_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/19359700902870072"}],"container-title":["Addiction"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fadd.13681","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fadd.13681","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/add.13681","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,24]],"date-time":"2023-09-24T09:00:51Z","timestamp":1695546051000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/add.13681"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,9]]},"references-count":90,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/add.13681"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/add.13681","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0965-2140","1360-0443"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0965-2140","type":"print"},{"value":"1360-0443","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2016-03-30","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2016-10-26","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2016-12-09","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}