{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T03:27:01Z","timestamp":1790134021455,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,10]],"date-time":"2017-01-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1484006400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Addiction"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To compare post\u2010treatment alcohol use between those who use cannabis and those who abstain during treatment for alcohol use disorders (AUD); and to examine potential cannabis use thresholds by comparing post\u2010treatment alcohol use between four frequency groups of cannabis users relative to abstainers.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Secondary analyses of the Combined Pharmacotherapies and Behavioral Interventions (COMBINE) Study, a randomized control trial of AUD treatments. The current study compares longitudinal drinking data between those who used cannabis versus those who abstained during COMBINE treatment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The COMBINE Study treatments were delivered on an out\u2010patient basis for 16\u00a0weeks. The current analyses include 206 cannabis users and 999 cannabis abstainers.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      All participants met diagnosis of primary alcohol dependence (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a01383).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Measurements<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Primary exposures were any cannabis use and quartiles of cannabis use (Q1: 1\u20134 use days during treatment, Q2: 5\u20139\u00a0days, Q3: 10\u201344\u00a0days, Q4: 45\u2013112\u00a0days). Outcomes were percentage of days abstinent from alcohol (PDA), drinks per drinking day (DPDD) and percentage of heavy drinking days (PHD), all measured at treatment end and 1\u00a0year post\u2010treatment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Findings<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Compared with no cannabis use, any cannabis use during treatment was associated with 4.35% [95% confidence interval (CI)\u00a0=\u00a0\u20138.68, \u22120.02], or approximately 4 fewer alcohol abstinent days at the end of treatment. This association weakened by 1 year post\u2010treatment (95% CI\u00a0=\u00a0\u20139.78, 0.54). Compared with no cannabis use, only those in the second quartile of cannabis use (those who used once or twice per month during treatment) had 8.81% (95% CI\u00a0=\u00a0\u201317.00, \u22120.63), or approximately 10 fewer days alcohol abstinent at end of treatment, and 11.82% (95% CI\u00a0=\u00a0\u201321.56, \u22122.07), or approximately 13 fewer alcohol abstinent days 1 year post\u2010treatment. Neither any cannabis use nor quartiles were associated with DPDD or PHD at either time\u2010point.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Among individuals in alcohol treatment, any cannabis use (compared with none) is related to a significantly lower percentage of days abstinent from alcohol post\u2010treatment, although only among those who used cannabis once or twice per month.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/add.13693","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,19]],"date-time":"2016-11-19T10:06:38Z","timestamp":1479549998000},"page":"685-694","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":60,"title":["Cannabis use during treatment for alcohol use disorders predicts alcohol treatment outcomes"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"112","author":[{"given":"Meenakshi Sabina","family":"Subbaraman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Alcohol Research Group Public Health Institute Emeryville CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jane","family":"Metrik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies Brown University School of Public Health Providence RI USA"},{"name":"Providence Veterans Affairs Medical Center Providence RI USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deidre","family":"Patterson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Alcohol Research Group Public Health Institute Emeryville CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Swift","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies Brown University School of Public Health Providence RI USA"},{"name":"Providence Veterans Affairs Medical Center Providence RI USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","first-page":"100","article-title":"An epidemiologic analysis of co\u2010occurring alcohol and drug use and disorders","volume":"31","author":"Falk D.","year":"2008","journal-title":"Alcohol Res Health"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.59.11.1039"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0004867412460591"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0376-8716(01)00130-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2007.02064.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.1992.tb02736.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2007.02.024"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.12698"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.162.8.1507"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2014.06.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.12220"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2005.03.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1081\/JA-100104087"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1081\/ADA-120015873"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1990.03450190043026"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"922","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3565(25)31496-5","article-title":"Human polydrug use: marihuana and alcohol","volume":"207","author":"Mello N. K.","year":"1978","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2010.11.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2010.05.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0376-8716(01)00118-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2012.07.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/alcalc\/agt182"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","first-page":"187","article-title":"Cannabis substitution. An adjunctive therapeutic tool in the treatment of alcoholism","volume":"98","author":"Mikuriya T. H.","year":"1970","journal-title":"Med Times"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1300\/J175v04n01_04"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1477-7517-6-35"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/16066359.2012.733465"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1988.01800280023003"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.295.17.2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.2003.tb02873.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-015-1088-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/0959523021000059776"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2011.06.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2009.07.027"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1533210107301834"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15288\/jsad.2016.77.104"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15288\/jsad.2015.76.733"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00224499.2013.821442"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2015.06.045"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0b013e3181f422ce"}],"container-title":["Addiction"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fadd.13693","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/add.13693","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,12]],"date-time":"2025-06-12T15:20:27Z","timestamp":1749741627000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/add.13693"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,10]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/add.13693"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/add.13693","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0965-2140","1360-0443"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0965-2140","type":"print"},{"value":"1360-0443","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2016-03-23","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2016-11-15","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2017-01-10","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}