{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,8]],"date-time":"2026-06-08T10:08:52Z","timestamp":1780913332190,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,10]],"date-time":"2017-01-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1484006400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,10]],"date-time":"2017-01-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1484006400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Addiction"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The clinical sequelae and comorbidities of alcoholic liver disease (ALD) often require hospitalization. The aims of this study were to (1) compare the average costs of hospitalizations with ALD and the costs of hospitalizations with other alcohol\u2010related diagnoses that do not involve the liver; and (2) estimate the percentage of the difference in costs between the ALD and non\u2010ALD hospitalizations that may be attributed to ascites, protein\u2013calorie malnutrition and other conditions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The 2012 National Inpatient Sample is a population\u2010based cross\u2010sectional database representing more than 94% of all discharges from community hospitals in the United States.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Community hospitals in the United States.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The sample included 72\u2009531 hospitalizations with ALD and 287\u2009047 hospitalizations with other alcohol\u2010related diagnoses.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Measurements<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The dependent variable was total in\u2010patient costs. We estimated the contribution of ascites, protein\u2013calorie malnutrition and other conditions to the difference in costs between patients with ALD and patients with other diagnoses.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Findings<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Average costs for ALD patients were $3188.4 higher than those for patients with other diagnoses ($13\u2009543 versus $10\u2009355;\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001). Among all conditions in the analysis, protein\u2013calorie malnutrition had the largest impact on costs [$6501; 95% confidence interval (CI)\u00a0=\u00a05956, 7045;\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001] accounting for 12% of the higher costs of ALD stays.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Costs of hospital care for patients with alcoholic liver disease are higher than those for patients with other alcohol\u2010related diagnoses. These increased costs are associated with specific clinical sequelae and comorbidities, with protein\u2013calorie malnutrition\u2014a largely preventable condition\u2014making a substantial contribution.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/add.13702","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,25]],"date-time":"2016-11-25T16:06:36Z","timestamp":1480089996000},"page":"782-791","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Identifying in\u2010patient costs attributable to the clinical sequelae and comorbidities of alcoholic liver disease in a national hospital database"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"112","author":[{"given":"Kevin C.","family":"Heslin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Delivery, Organization, and Markets Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality  Rockville MD USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne","family":"Elixhauser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Delivery, Organization, and Markets Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality  Rockville MD USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudia A.","family":"Steiner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Delivery, Organization, and Markets Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality  Rockville MD USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2013.03.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2014.302313"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.12887"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MCG.0000000000000161"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2013.13805"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2015.01.032"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","unstructured":"Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP); Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality.Trend in hospital stays involving cirrhosis 1993\u20132013 United States. 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