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Our aim was to identify characteristics associated with low\u2010risk drinking during treatment in a large sample of individuals as they received treatment for alcohol dependence.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Integrated analysis of data from the Combined Pharmacotherapies and Behavioral Intervention (COMBINE) study, Project MATCH (Matching Alcoholism Treatments to Client Heterogeneity) and the United Kingdom Alcohol Treatment Trial (UKATT) using repeated\u2010measures latent class analysis to identify patterns of drinking and predictors of low\u2010risk drinking patterns during treatment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title><jats:p>United States and United Kingdom.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title><jats:p>Patients (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a03589) with alcohol dependence receiving treatment in an alcohol clinical trial were primarily male (73.0%), white (82.0%) and non\u2010married (41.7%), with an average age of 42.0 (standard deviation\u00a0=\u00a010.7).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Measurements<\/jats:title><jats:p>Self\u2010reported weekly alcohol consumption during treatment was assessed using the Form\u201090 <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"#add13870-bib-0001\"\/> and validated with biological verification or collateral informants.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Findings<\/jats:title><jats:p>Seven patterns of drinking during treatment were identified: persistent heavy drinking (18.7% of the sample), increasing heavy drinking (9.6%), heavy and low\u2010risk drinking (6.7%), heavy drinking alternating with abstinence (7.9%), low\u2010risk drinking (6.8%), increasing low\u2010risk drinking (10.5%) and abstinence (39.8%). Lower alcohol dependence severity and fewer drinks per day at baseline significantly predicted low\u2010risk drinking patterns [e.g. each additional drink prior to baseline predicted a 27% increase in the odds of expected classification in heavy drinking versus low\u2010risk drinking patterns; odds ratio\u00a0=\u00a01.27 (95% confidence interval (CI)\u00a0=\u00a01.10, 1.47, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.002]. Greater negative mood and more heavy drinkers in the social network were significant predictors of expected membership in heavier drinking patterns.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Low\u2010risk drinking is achievable for some individuals as they undergo treatment for alcohol dependence. Individuals with lower dependence severity, less baseline drinking, fewer negative mood symptoms and fewer heavy drinkers in their social networks have a higher probability of achieving low\u2010risk drinking during treatment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/add.13870","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,16]],"date-time":"2017-05-16T23:12:53Z","timestamp":1494976373000},"page":"2112-2121","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Who achieves low risk drinking during alcohol treatment? An analysis of patients in three alcohol clinical trials"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"112","author":[{"given":"Katie","family":"Witkiewitz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of New Mexico  Albuquerque NM USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew R.","family":"Pearson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of New Mexico  Albuquerque NM USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kevin A.","family":"Hallgren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Washington  Seattle WA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen A.","family":"Maisto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Syracuse University  Syracuse NY USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Corey R.","family":"Roos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of New Mexico  Albuquerque NM USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Megan","family":"Kirouac","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of New Mexico  Albuquerque NM USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adam D.","family":"Wilson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of New Mexico  Albuquerque NM USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kevin S.","family":"Montes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of New Mexico  Albuquerque NM USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nick","family":"Heather","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Northumbria University  Newcastle upon Tyne UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","volume-title":"Form 90: a structured assessment interview for drinking and related behaviors","author":"Miller W. 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