{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T19:05:40Z","timestamp":1790276740667,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,11]],"date-time":"2017-07-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1499731200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Addiction"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To (1) assess trends in the number and mortality rates of methamphetamine\u2010related death in Australia, 2009\u201315; (2) assess the characteristics and the cause, manner and circumstances of death; and (3) assess the blood methamphetamine concentrations and the presence of other drugs in methamphetamine\u2010related death.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Analysis of cases of methamphetamine\u2010related death retrieved from the National Coronial Information System (NCIS).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Australia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Cases<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      All cases in which methamphetamine was coded in the NCIS database as a mechanism contributing to death (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a01649).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Measurements<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Information was collected on cause and manner of death, demographics, location, circumstances of death and toxicology.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Findings<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The mean age of cases was 36.9\u00a0years, and 78.4% were male. The crude mortality rate was 1.03 per 100\u2009000. The rate increased significantly over time (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001), and at 2015 the mortality rate was 1.8 [confidence interval (CI)\u00a0=\u00a01.2\u20132.4] times that of 2009. Deaths were due to accidental drug toxicity (43.2%), natural disease (22.3%), suicide (18.2%), other accident (14.9%) and homicide (1.5%). In 40.8% of cases, death occurred outside the major capital cities. The median blood methamphetamine concentration was 0.17\u00a0mg\/l, and cases in which only methamphetamine was detected had higher concentrations than other cases (0.30 versus 0.15\u00a0mg\/l,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001). The median blood methamphetamine concentration varied within a narrow range (0.15\u20130.20\u00a0mg\/l) across manner of death. In the majority (82.8%) of cases, substances other than methamphetamine were detected, most frequently opioids (43.1%) and hypnosedatives (38.0%).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Methamphetamine death rates doubled in Australia from 2009 to 2015. While toxicity was the most frequent cause, natural disease, suicide and accident comprised more than half of deaths.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/add.13897","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,11]],"date-time":"2017-06-11T22:32:39Z","timestamp":1497220359000},"page":"2191-2201","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":124,"title":["Rates, characteristics and circumstances of methamphetamine\u2010related death in Australia: a national 7\u2010year study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"112","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8718-7055","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shane","family":"Darke","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre University of New South Wales  NSW Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sharlene","family":"Kaye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre University of New South Wales  NSW Australia"},{"name":"Justice Health and Forensic Mental Health Network, NSW Health  NSW Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johan","family":"Duflou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre University of New South Wales  NSW Australia"},{"name":"Sydney Medical School University of Sydney  NSW Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18356\/603a2a94-en"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(11)61138-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)61530-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/0959523021000023199"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5694\/mja15.01054"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5694\/mja15.00671"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1520\/JFS14464J"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2012.03933.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0379-0738(00)00281-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2006.04.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2010.02932.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09595230801914776"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09595230801923702"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1465-3362.2009.00158.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","volume-title":"Karch's Pathology of Drug Abuse","author":"Karch S. B.","year":"2009"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2011.04.028"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2007.01874.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2016.05.057"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/imj.13050"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/neurintsurg-2014-011161"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.64.4.495"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/16066351003695631"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2016.10.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1465-3362.2009.00160.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2006.01496.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2009.02872.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1520\/JFS16085J"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2005.10.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10550490490436055"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_31_1","first-page":"134","article-title":"Mortality among individuals with cannabis, cocaine, amphetamine, MDMA, and opioid use disorders: a nationwide follow\u2010up study of Danish substance users in treatment","volume":"114","author":"Arendt M.","year":"2011","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2012.03.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1465-3362.2010.00255.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2009.05.028"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1465-3362.2009.00075.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2008.02231.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0009-9236(95)90041-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.g1626"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2010.01.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_40_1","first-page":"17","article-title":"Tramadol: seizures, serotonin syndrome, and coadministered antidepressants","volume":"6","author":"Sansone R. A.","year":"2009","journal-title":"Psychiatry"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_41_1","volume-title":"Australian Demographic Statistics, 3101.0","author":"Australian Bureau of Statistics","year":"2016"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_42_1","volume-title":"Deaths in Australia, 2014","author":"Australian Bureau of Statistics"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_43_1","volume-title":"SPSS Statistics, 23.0","author":"IBM Inc","year":"2015"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_44_1","volume-title":"R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing","author":"R Core Team","year":"2016"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08897077.2012.726959"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2016.03.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2009.07.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2176\/nmc.31.49"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-011-0393-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1360-0443.2001.961014438.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/add.13158"}],"container-title":["Addiction"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fadd.13897","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/add.13897","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,4]],"date-time":"2023-10-04T20:53:45Z","timestamp":1696452825000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/add.13897"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,11]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/add.13897"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/add.13897","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0965-2140","1360-0443"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0965-2140","type":"print"},{"value":"1360-0443","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2017-02-20","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2017-06-06","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2017-07-11","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}