{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,3]],"date-time":"2026-11-03T20:45:44Z","timestamp":1793738744463,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":103,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,11]],"date-time":"2017-09-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1505088000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007553","name":"Gambling Research Exchange Ontario","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["N\/A"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N\/A"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007553","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Addiction"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Considerable variation of outcome variables used to measure recovery in the gambling treatment literature has precluded effective cross\u2010study evaluations and hindered the development of best\u2010practice treatment methodologies. The aim of this systematic review was to describe current diffuse concepts of recovery in the gambling field by mapping the range of outcomes and measurement strategies used to evaluate treatments, and to identify more commonly accepted indices of recovery.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A systematic search of six academic databases for studies evaluating treatments (psychological and pharmacological) for gambling disorders with a minimum 6\u2010month follow\u2010up. Data from eligible studies were tabulated and analysis conducted using a narrative approach. Guidelines of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta\u2010Analyses (PRISMA) were adhered to.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Thirty\u2010four studies were reviewed systematically (RCTs\u00a0=\u00a017, comparative designs\u00a0=\u00a017). Sixty\u2010three different outcome measures were identified: 25 (39.7%) assessed gambling\u2010specific constructs, 36 (57.1%) assessed non\u2010gambling specific constructs, and two instruments were used across both categories (3.2%). Self\u2010report instruments ranged from psychometrically validated to\n                      <jats:italic>ad\u2010hoc<\/jats:italic>\n                      author\u2010designed questionnaires. Units of measurement were inconsistent, particularly in the assessment of gambling behaviour. All studies assessed indices of gambling behaviour and\/or symptoms of gambling disorder. Almost all studies (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a030; 88.2%) included secondary measures relating to psychiatric comorbidities, psychological processes linked to treatment approach, or global functioning and wellbeing.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In research on gambling disorders, the incorporation of broader outcome domains that extend beyond disorder\u2010specific symptoms and behaviours suggests a multi\u2010dimensional conceptualization of recovery. Development of a single comprehensive scale to measure all aspects of gambling recovery could help to facilitate uniform reporting practices across the field.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/add.13968","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,5]],"date-time":"2017-08-05T06:56:37Z","timestamp":1501916197000},"page":"411-426","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":68,"title":["Measuring treatment outcomes in gambling disorders: a systematic review"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"113","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8264-3928","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dylan","family":"Pickering","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychology University of Sydney  Sydney Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8342-8990","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brittany","family":"Keen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychology University of Sydney  Sydney Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gavin","family":"Entwistle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychology University of Sydney  Sydney Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1476-0791","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alex","family":"Blaszczynski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychology University of Sydney  Sydney Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/10894-000"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","volume-title":"Research and Measurement Issues in Gambling Studies","author":"Smith G. 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