{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]],"date-time":"2026-06-09T05:59:15Z","timestamp":1780984755868,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,1]],"date-time":"2017-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1506816000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,1]],"date-time":"2017-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1506816000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100013373","name":"NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100013373","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Addiction"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To assess how far the greater effectiveness of varenicline over nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) is moderated by characteristics of the smokers or setting in clinical practice.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We used observational data from 22\u2009472 treatment episodes between 2013 and 2016 from smoking cessation services in England to assess whether differences between varenicline and NRT were moderated by a set of smoker and setting characteristics: these included level of social deprivation, age, gender, ethnic group, nicotine dependence and treatment context. From the above, 15\u2009640 episodes were analysed in relation to 4\u2010week quit and 14\u2009273 episodes at 12\u00a0weeks. All two\u2010way interactions involving pharmacotherapy were fitted in addition to the main effects and a parsimonious model identified using a backwards stepwise selection procedure.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>England<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Clients of smoking cessation service (number of individuals in 4\u2010week quit analysis\u00a0=\u00a015\u2009640).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Measurements<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Four\u2010week carbon monoxide\u2010validated (primary outcome) and 12\u2010week self\u2010reported (secondary outcome) quit success\/failure.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Findings<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      At both follow\u2010up points, varenicline was associated with higher success rates overall [\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001 at both 4 and 12\u00a0weeks; adjusted odds ratio (OR) varenicline versus NRT\u00a0=\u00a01.82 (95% confidence interval (CI)\u00a0=\u00a01.61, 2.06) and 2.58 (95% CI\u00a0=\u00a02.26, 2.94) at 4 and 12\u00a0weeks, respectively]. At 12\u00a0weeks, the relative benefits of varenicline were found to be influenced by the setting in which advice was provided [\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001 for interaction pharmacotherapy \u00d7 setting; adjusted odds ratio for varenicline \u00d7 pharmacy setting\u00a0=\u00a00.53 (95% CI\u00a0=\u00a00.42, 0.69) and for varenicline \u00d7 general practice (GP) setting\u00a0=\u00a00.79 (95% CI\u00a0=\u00a00.64, 0.98) against a baseline of 1 for varenicline \u00d7 community setting]. The same trends were evident at 4\u00a0weeks, but this did not translate to statistical significance. There was inconclusive evidence for moderating effects of other variables.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Varenicline use was associated with higher smoking cessation rates than nicotine replacement therapy in routine clinical practice, irrespective of a wide range of smoker characteristics, but the difference was less in certain intervention settings, most notably pharmacy but also GP practice, compared with community setting.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/add.14004","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,13]],"date-time":"2017-08-13T22:12:36Z","timestamp":1502662356000},"page":"313-324","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Factors moderating the relative effectiveness of varenicline and nicotine replacement therapy in clients using smoking cessation services"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"113","author":[{"given":"Neil","family":"Walker","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre Churchill Hospital  Oxford UK"},{"name":"Gloucestershire Retinal Research Group Cheltenham General Hospital  Cheltenham UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heather","family":"Gainforth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health and Exercise Sciences University of British Columbia, BC  Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vasiliki","family":"Kiparoglou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre Churchill Hospital  Oxford UK"},{"name":"Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences University of Oxford  Radcliffe Primary Care Building Oxford UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hayley","family":"Robinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Quit 51 Stop Smoking Service  Burton\u2010on\u2010Trent UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hugo","family":"van Woerden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Primary Care and Public Health Cardiff University  Cardiff UK"},{"name":"Centre for Health Science University of the Highlands and Islands  Inverness UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"West","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRIS, UCL  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/add.12172"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2011-200251"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/pubmed\/fdp074"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2005.01028.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3310\/hta14490"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","unstructured":"National Centre for Smoking Cessation and Training (NCSCT). 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