{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,3]],"date-time":"2025-11-03T04:48:25Z","timestamp":1762145305965,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,2]],"date-time":"2017-10-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1506902400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100011529","name":"Scottish Government Health and Social Care Directorate","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["n\/a"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["n\/a"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100011529","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Addiction"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background and aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>The introduction of the Alcohol Act in Scotland on 1 October 2011, which included a ban on multi\u2010buy promotions, was probably associated with a fall in off\u2010trade alcohol sales in the year after its implementation. The aim of this study was to test if the same legislation was associated with reduced levels of alcohol\u2010related deaths and hospital admissions in the 3\u2010year period after its introduction.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>A natural experiment design using time\u2013series data to assess the impact of the Alcohol Act legislation in Scotland. Comparisons were made with unexposed populations in the rest of Great Britain.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title><jats:p>Scotland with comparable data obtained for geographical control groups in other parts of Great Britain.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title><jats:p>For alcohol\u2010related deaths, a total of 17\u2009732 in Scotland and 88\u2009001 in England and Wales throughout 169 4\u2010week periods between January 2001 and December 2013 and for alcohol\u2010related hospital admissions, a total of 121\u2009314 in Scotland and 696\u2009892 in England throughout 182 4\u2010week periods between January 2001 and December 2014.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Measurements<\/jats:title><jats:p>Deaths and hospital admissions in Scotland and control groups that were wholly attributable to alcohol for consecutive 4\u2010week periods between January 2001 and December 2014. Data were obtained by age, sex and area\u2010based socio\u2010economic position.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Findings<\/jats:title><jats:p>There was no evidence to suggest that the Alcohol Act was associated with changes in the overall rate of alcohol\u2010related deaths [incidence rate ratio (IRR)\u00a0=\u00a00.99, 95% confidence interval (CI)\u00a0=\u00a00.91\u20131.07)] or hospital admissions (IRR\u00a0=\u00a00.98, 95% CI\u00a0=\u00a00.95\u20131.02) in Scotland. In control group analyses, the pseudo intervention variable was not associated with a change in alcohol\u2010related death rates in England\/Wales (IRR\u00a0=\u00a00.99, 95% CI\u00a0=\u00a00.95\u20131.02), but was associated with an increase in alcohol\u2010related hospital admission rates in England (IRR\u00a0=\u00a01.05, 95% CI\u00a0=\u00a01.03\u20131.07). In combined models, the interaction analysis did not provide support for a \u2018net effect\u2019 of the legislation on alcohol\u2010related deaths in Scotland compared with England\/Wales (IRR 0.99, 95% CI\u00a0=\u00a00.95\u20131.04), but suggested a net reduction in hospital admissions for Scotland compared with England (IRR\u00a0=\u00a00.93, 95% CI\u00a0=\u00a00.87\u20130.98).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The implementation of the Alcohol Act in Scotland has not been associated clearly with a reduction in alcohol\u2010related deaths or hospital admissions in the 3\u2010year period after it was implemented in October 2011.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/add.14019","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,6]],"date-time":"2017-09-06T14:27:07Z","timestamp":1504708027000},"page":"429-439","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["The short\u2010term impact of the alcohol act on alcohol\u2010related deaths and hospital admissions in Scotland: a natural experiment"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"113","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4911-7106","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mark","family":"Robinson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Public Health Science Directorate NHS Health Scotland  Glasgow UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Janet","family":"Bouttell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Health and Wellbeing University of Glasgow  Glasgow UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"James","family":"Lewsey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Health and Wellbeing University of Glasgow  Glasgow UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Mackay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Health and Wellbeing University of Glasgow  Glasgow UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gerry","family":"McCartney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Public Health Science Directorate NHS Health Scotland  Glasgow UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Clare","family":"Beeston","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Public Health Science Directorate NHS Health Scotland  Glasgow UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,2]]},"reference":[{"volume-title":"Still \u2018The sick man of Europe\u2019? 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