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Clinical data were abstracted from prison medical records and obtained through probabilistic linkage with state\u2010based, community health records. Dates of prison release and reincarceration were obtained from correctional records. Deaths were identified through probabilistic linkage with the National Death Index. Adjusted hazard ratios (AHR) were calculated using proportional hazards regression models. Standardized mortality ratios (SMR) were calculated using the population of Queensland as the reference. General population data were obtained from the Australian Bureau of Statistics.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Findings<\/jats:title><jats:p>The rate of mortality in the cohort was higher than in the age\u2010 and sex\u2010matched general population of Queensland for all causes [SMR\u00a0=\u00a04.0, 95% confidence interval (CI)\u00a0=\u00a02.9\u20135.4] and drug\u2010related causes (SMR\u00a0=\u00a032, 95% CI\u00a0=\u00a019\u201355). In a multivariable model, adjusting for age, sex and Indigenous status, factors associated with increased mortality risk included expecting to have average or better funds available on release (AHR\u00a0=\u00a02.9, 99% CI\u00a0=\u00a01.2\u20137.1), poor mental health (AHR\u00a0=\u00a02.6, 99% CI\u00a0=\u00a01.1\u20136.1) and self\u2010reported life\u2010time history of overdose (AHR\u00a0=\u00a02.5, 99% CI\u00a0=\u00a01.04\u20136.2).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>People released from prison in Queensland, Australia are at increased risk of death, due particularly to drug\u2010related causes. Those at greatest risk of death are characterized by poor physical and mental health and a history of risky substance use.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/add.14106","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,20]],"date-time":"2017-11-20T12:52:42Z","timestamp":1511182362000},"page":"937-945","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":47,"title":["Incidence and risk factors for mortality after release from prison in Australia: a prospective cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"113","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3100-3584","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Simon J.","family":"Forsyth","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health University of Queensland  Brisbane Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Megan","family":"Carroll","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Melbourne School of Population and Global Health University of Melbourne, Melbourne  Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nicholas","family":"Lennox","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Queensland Centre for Intellectual and Developmental Disability, Mater Research Institute\u2013UQ University of Queensland, Brisbane,  Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3956-5343","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stuart A.","family":"Kinner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Melbourne School of Population and Global Health University of Melbourne, Melbourne  Australia"},{"name":"Queensland Centre for Intellectual and Developmental Disability, Mater Research Institute\u2013UQ University of Queensland, Brisbane,  Australia"},{"name":"Centre for Adolescent Health Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne  Australia"},{"name":"School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine Monash University, Melbourne  Australia"},{"name":"Griffith Criminology Institute Griffith University, Nathan  Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/add.12010"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2012.300764"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2010.02990.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(15)00088-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/add.13200"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S2045796017000506"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2013-3966"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dar.12179"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2005.01050.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/add.13779"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cct.2013.07.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/2194-7899-2-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jech-2015-206565"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","first-page":"3157","volume-title":"Encyclopedia of Criminology and Criminal Justice","author":"Kinner S. 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