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Substance use the day of the non\u2010fatal overdose was also examined.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Findings<\/jats:title><jats:p>From 2011 to 2017, 213 participants (31.7%) reported a recent non\u2010fatal overdose and 103 (15.4%) reported recent IDT. Heroin, in combination with methamphetamine and tranquilizers, were the drugs most reported at the day of the event. IDT significantly increased the odds of reporting a non\u2010fatal overdose event [adjusted odds ratio (aOR)\u00a0=\u00a01.76; 95% confidence interval (CI)\u00a0=\u00a01.04\u20132.96]. Odds of non\u2010fatal overdose also increased independently for each additional injection per day (aOR\u00a0=\u00a01.05; 95% CI\u00a0=\u00a01.02\u20131.08), recent tranquilizer use (aOR\u00a0=\u00a01.92; 95% CI\u00a0=\u00a01.41\u20132.61) and using hit doctors (aOR\u00a0=\u00a01.68; 95% CI\u00a0=\u00a01.29\u20132.18) and decreased with age (aOR\u00a0=\u00a00.97 per year, 95% CI\u00a0=\u00a00.95\u20130.99).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Recent involuntary drug treatment in Mexico is a risk factor for non\u2010fatal drug overdose.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/add.14159","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,15]],"date-time":"2018-01-15T02:36:46Z","timestamp":1515983806000},"page":"1056-1063","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":53,"title":["Increased non\u2010fatal overdose risk associated with involuntary drug treatment in a longitudinal study with people who inject drugs"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"113","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0083-7276","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claudia","family":"Rafful","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Global Public Health, School of Medicine University of California  San Diego CA USA"},{"name":"School of Public Health San Diego State University  San Diego CA USA"},{"name":"Centre for Urban Health Solutions St Michael's Hospital  Toronto Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6580-585X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ricardo","family":"Orozco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Psychiatry  M\u00e9xico City Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gudelia","family":"Rangel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Secretariat of Health  Mexico City Mexico"},{"name":"Mexico\u2013United States Border Health Commission  Mexico City Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Davidson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Global Public Health, School of Medicine University of California  San Diego CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dan","family":"Werb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Global Public Health, School of Medicine University of California  San Diego CA USA"},{"name":"Centre for Urban Health Solutions St Michael's Hospital  Toronto Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leo","family":"Beletsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Global Public Health, School of Medicine University of California  San Diego CA USA"},{"name":"School of Law and Bouv\u00e9 College of Health Sciences Northeastern University  Boston MA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steffanie A.","family":"Strathdee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Global Public Health, School of Medicine University of California  San Diego CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","first-page":"313","article-title":"Nature and utilization of civil commitment for substance abuse in the United States","volume":"43","author":"Christopher P. 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