{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T02:23:41Z","timestamp":1792117421603,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":76,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,24]],"date-time":"2018-03-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1521849600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000026","name":"National Institute on Drug Abuse","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K23DA029609"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K23DA029609"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000026","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000026","name":"National Institute on Drug Abuse","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01DA037314"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01DA037314"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000026","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000026","name":"National Institute on Drug Abuse","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01DA19497"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01DA19497"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000026","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000026","name":"National Institute on Drug Abuse","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["T32DA07209"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T32DA07209"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000026","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Addiction"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>To review systematically the published literature on extended\u2010release naltrexone (XR\u2010NTX, Vivitrol<jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup>), marketed as a once\u2010per\u2010month injection product to treat opioid use disorder. We addressed the following questions: (1) how successful is induction on XR\u2010NTX; (2) what are adherence rates to XR\u2010NTX; and (3) does XR\u2010NTX decrease opioid use? Factors associated with these outcomes as well as overdose rates were examined.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We searched PubMed and used Google Scholar for forward citation searches of peer\u2010reviewed papers from January 2006 to June 2017. Studies that included individuals seeking treatment for opioid use disorder who were offered XR\u2010NTX were included.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>We identified and included 34 studies. Pooled estimates showed that XR\u2010NTX induction success was lower in studies that included individuals that required opioid detoxification [62.6%, 95% confidence interval (CI)\u00a0=\u00a054.5\u201370.0%] compared with studies that included individuals already detoxified from opioids (85.0%, 95% CI\u00a0=\u00a078.0\u201390.1%); 44.2% (95% CI\u00a0=\u00a033.1\u201355.9%) of individuals took all scheduled injections of XR\u2010NTX, which were usually six or fewer. Adherence was higher in prospective investigational studies (i.e. studies conducted in a research context according to a study protocol) compared to retrospective studies of medical records taken from routine care (6\u2010month rates: 46.7%, 95% CI\u00a0=\u00a034.5\u201359.2% versus 10.5%, 95% CI\u00a0=\u00a04.6\u201322.4%, respectively). Compared with referral to treatment, XR\u2010NTX reduced opioid use in adults under criminal justice supervision and when administered to inmates before release. XR\u2010NTX reduced opioid use compared with placebo in Russian adults, but this effect was confounded by differential retention between study groups. XR\u2010NTX showed similar efficacy to buprenorphine when randomization occurred after detoxification, but was inferior to buprenorphine when randomization occurred prior to detoxification.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Many individuals intending to start extended\u2010release naltrexone (XR\u2010NTX) do not and most who do start XR\u2010NTX discontinue treatment prematurely, two factors that limit its clinical utility significantly. XR\u2010NTX appears to decrease opioid use but there are few experimental demonstrations of this effect.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/add.14180","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,3]],"date-time":"2018-02-03T10:12:39Z","timestamp":1517652759000},"page":"1188-1209","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":202,"title":["Extended\u2010release injectable naltrexone for opioid use disorder: a systematic review"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"113","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0184-921X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brantley P.","family":"Jarvis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine  Baltimore MD USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"August F.","family":"Holtyn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine  Baltimore MD USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shrinidhi","family":"Subramaniam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine  Baltimore MD USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2112-2299","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"D. Andrew","family":"Tompkins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine  San Francisco CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emmanuel A.","family":"Oga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Public Health Research and Translational Science Battelle Memorial Institute  Baltimore MD USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"George E.","family":"Bigelow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine  Baltimore MD USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kenneth","family":"Silverman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine  Baltimore MD USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/add.12551"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","first-page":"719","article-title":"Vital signs: demographic and substance use trends among heroin users\u2014United States, 2002\u20132013","volume":"64","author":"Jones C. M.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2015.11859"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMp1615145"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMp1612578"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","unstructured":"Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration.State response to the opioid crisis grants.2016. Available at:https:\/\/www.samhsa.gov\/grants\/grant\u2010announcements\/ti\u201017\u2010014(accessed 2018 February 27) (Archived athttp:\/\/www.webcitation.org\/6xXqXzgzj)."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","unstructured":"Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA).National Survey of Substance Abuse Treatment Services (N\u2010SSATS): 2012. Data on Substance Abuse Treatment Facilities. BHSIS Series: S\u201066 HHS Publication No (SMA) 14\u20134809. Rockville MD: SAMHSA;2013."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1604339"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/HRP.0000000000000075"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","unstructured":"Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA).Medication\u2010assisted treatment for opioid use disorder pocket guide.2016. Available at:http:\/\/store.samhsa.gov\/shin\/content\/SMA16-4892PG\/SMA16-4892PG.pdf%20%20(accessed 2018 February 27) (Archived athttp:\/\/www.webcitation.org\/6xXqevITW)."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","unstructured":"Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA).Federal guidelines for opioid treatment programs. HHS Publication no. (SMA) PEP15\u2010FEDGUIDEOTP. Rockville MD: SAMHSA;2015."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD002209.pub2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","article-title":"Buprenorphine maintenance versus placebo or methadone maintenance for opioid dependence","volume":"3","author":"Mattick R. P.","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization.WHO model list of essential medicines.2015. Available at:http:\/\/www.who.int\/medicines\/publications\/essentialmedicines\/EML2015_8\u2010May\u201015.pdf(accessed 2018 February 27) (Archived athttp:\/\/www.webcitation.org\/6xXqiXwvX)."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001333.pub4"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/add.13724"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2006.01369.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0740-5472(97)00020-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0740-5472(96)00164-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2014.03.046"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2012.03910.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2008.02252.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bcp.12011"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dar.12095"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","unstructured":"Alkermes Inc.Prescribing information for Vivitrol\u00ae (naltrexone for extended\u2010release injectable suspension).2015. Available at:https:\/\/www.vivitrol.com\/content\/pdfs\/prescribing\u2010information.pdf(accessed 2018 February 27) (Archived athttp:\/\/www.webcitation.org\/6xXqlwxsC)."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40263-013-0110-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(11)60358-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1505409"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2011.10.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/2046-4053-4-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.63.2.210"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.d5928"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jech.52.6.377"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_35_1","unstructured":"WellsG. SheaB. O'ConnellD. PetersonJ. WelchV. LososM.et al.The Newcastle\u2013Ottawa Scale (NOS) for assessing the quality of nonrandomized studies in meta\u2010analyses.2009. Available at:http:\/\/www.ohri.ca\/programs\/clinical_epidemiology\/oxford.asp(accessed 2018 February 27) (Archived athttp:\/\/www.webcitation.org\/6xXqp72jx)."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_36_1","volume-title":"Comprehensive meta\u2010analysis version 2","author":"Borenstein M.","year":"2006"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)32812-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2017.3206"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2014.01.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2015.05.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2011.06.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ADM.0000000000000302"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2017.04.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2015.07.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2017.04.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/add.13753"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/add.12208"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/add.12894"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2017.04.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2014.02.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2015.10.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2016.16050548"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/tp.2015.20"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_54_1","first-page":"S235","article-title":"Cost and utilization outcomes of opioid\u2010dependence treatments","volume":"17","author":"Baser O.","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Manag Care"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2015.12.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2015.03.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2016.07.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10550887.2016.1189659"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ajad.12182"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ajad.12441"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2016.01.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08897077.2016.1143435"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ajad.12527"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2017.01.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ajad.12180"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ADM.0000000000000125"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2017.04.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cct.2016.08.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/tps0000061"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_70_1","unstructured":"RohatgiA.WebPlotDigitizer. Available at:https:\/\/automeris.io\/WebPlotDigitizer\/(accessed 2018 February 27) (Archived athttp:\/\/www.webcitation.org\/6xXrJ7Tn6)."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2015.10.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_72_1","unstructured":"Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA).Treatment episode data set (TEDS): 2005\u20132015. Report no.: BHSIS Series S\u201091 HHS Publication No. (SMA) 17\u20135037. Rockville MD: SAMHSA; 2005\u20132015."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08897077.2016.1187240"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dar.12438"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13063-015-0942-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(04)17670-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.j1550"}],"container-title":["Addiction"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fadd.14180","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/add.14180","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,17]],"date-time":"2023-09-17T00:14:39Z","timestamp":1694909679000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/add.14180"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,24]]},"references-count":76,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/add.14180"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/add.14180","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0965-2140","1360-0443"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0965-2140","type":"print"},{"value":"1360-0443","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,24]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2017-07-21","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2018-01-26","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2018-03-24","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}