{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T09:39:02Z","timestamp":1790501942060,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,13]],"date-time":"2018-06-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1528848000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Addiction"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background and Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>In\u2010utero<\/jats:italic> exposure to opioids including buprenorphine (BUP) has been shown to affect fetal activity, specifically heart\u2010rate variability (FHRV) and fetal movement (FM). Our objective was to extract simultaneous recordings of fetal cardiac and brain\u2010related activity in BUP\u2010maintained and non\u2010opioid exposed pregnant women using a novel non\u2010invasive biomagnetic technique.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>A pilot study was conducted, recording and analyzing biomagnetic data from fetuses of BUP\u2010maintained and non\u2010opioid exposed pregnant women. Signals were acquired with the non\u2010invasive 151\u2010channel SARA (SQUID\u2010Array for Reproductive Assessment) system. Advanced signal\u2010processing techniques were applied to extract fetal heart and brain activity.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title><jats:p>University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences (UAMS, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title><jats:p>Eight BUP\u2010maintained pregnant women from UAMS Women's Mental Health Program between gestational ages (GA) of 29\u201337\u00a0weeks who were treated with 8\u201324\u00a0mg of BUP daily. Sixteen pregnant women with no known opioid exposure in the same GA range were also included.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Measurements<\/jats:title><jats:p>Outcome measures from the fetal heart and brain signals included: heart rate (FHR), FM, FHR accelerations, FHR\u2013FM coupling, FHRV, fetal behavioral states (FBS) and power spectral density (PSD) of spontaneous brain activity. These measures were analyzed at three GA intervals.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Findings<\/jats:title><jats:p>Fetal heart and brain activity parameters were extracted and quantified successfully from 18 non\u2010opioid and 16 BUP recordings. Overall analysis in both groups show that: FHR and FM ranged from 131 to 141\u00a0beats per minute (b.p.m.) and 5 to 11 counts, respectively. In the 35\u201337\u00a0weeks GA, the coupling duration (~9\u00a0s) was the shortest, while three of the FHRV parameters were the highest. The PSD of brain activity revealed highest power in 0.5\u20104\u00a0Hz bandwidth. Transitions in FBS from quiet to active sleep were\u00a0&gt;\u00a050% of sessions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>This pilot study showed that a novel biomagnetic technique allows simultaneous quantification of cardiac and brain activities of a group of buprenorphine\u2010exposed and non\u2010exposed fetuses in the third trimester.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/add.14266","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,21]],"date-time":"2018-05-21T02:09:55Z","timestamp":1526868595000},"page":"1895-1904","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Fetal assessment in buprenorphine\u2010maintained women using fetal magnetoencephalography: a pilot study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"113","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9487-0765","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Diana","family":"Escalona\u2010Vargas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences  Little Rock AR USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4493-7933","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jessica L.","family":"Coker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences  Little Rock AR USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shona","family":"Ray\u2010Griffith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences  Little Rock AR USA"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences  Little Rock AR 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