{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T09:06:00Z","timestamp":1777539960726,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,16]],"date-time":"2018-07-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1531699200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001711","name":"Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur F\u00f6rderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CR1I1_120181\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CR1I1_120181\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001711","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Addiction"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background and Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>The threshold of 4+\/5+ drinks per occasion has been used for decades in alcohol research to distinguish between non\u2010risky versus risky episodic drinking. However, no study has assessed the validity of this threshold using event\u2010level data. This study aimed to determine the optimal thresholds for the detection of five acute alcohol\u2010related consequences (hangover, blackout, risky sex, fights and injury) using data from two event\u2010level studies.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>An event\u2010level study to assess the ability to use the number of drinks consumed to discriminate between nights with and without consequences using the area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) curve. Optimal thresholds were determined using the Youden Index based on sensitivity and specificity. Separate thresholds were estimated for gender and age groups (16\u201317 versus 18\u201325).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title><jats:p>Lausanne and Zurich, Switzerland.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title><jats:p>Three hundred and sixty\u2010nine participants aged 16\u201325\u00a0years.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Measurements<\/jats:title><jats:p>On 3554 weekend nights, participants reported total number of alcoholic drinks consumed the previous night and acute consequences (hangover, blackout, risky sex, fights and injury)<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Findings<\/jats:title><jats:p>Hangover was the most frequently reported consequence and injury the least for both genders. Throughout age groups and studies, optimal thresholds for any consequence, and for hangover only, were equal to 4+\/5+ (40+\/50+ g alcohol) while those for blackouts, risky sex, fights and injuries were up to three drinks higher. Adolescents tended to experience consequences more often and at slightly lower drinking levels than did adults. For all consequences but injuries, the optimal thresholds were one to two drinks lower for women than for men.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Event\u2010level data collection techniques appear particularly suitable to estimate thresholds at which acute alcohol\u2010related consequences occur. Binge drinking thresholds of 4+\/5+ (women\/men) drinks, equivalent to 40+\/50+ g pure alcohol, predict the occurrence of consequences accurately in general but are too low to predict severe acute alcohol\u2010related consequences.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/add.14370","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,19]],"date-time":"2018-06-19T18:49:46Z","timestamp":1529434186000},"page":"2235-2244","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["After how many drinks does someone experience acute consequences\u2014determining thresholds for binge drinking based on two event\u2010level studies"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"113","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6646-9544","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Florian","family":"Labhart","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Addiction Switzerland Research Institute  Lausanne Switzerland"},{"name":"Idiap Research Institute  Martigny Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8995-9386","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael","family":"Livingston","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Alcohol Policy Research La Trobe University  Melbourne Australia"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Neuroscience Karolinska Institutet  Stockholm Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rutger","family":"Engels","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Social and Behavioural Sciences Utrecht University  the Netherlands"},{"name":"Trimbos Institute, Netherlands Institute of Mental Health and Addiction  Utrecht the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Emmanuel","family":"Kuntsche","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Alcohol Policy Research La Trobe University  Melbourne Australia"},{"name":"Behavioural Science Institute Radboud University  Nijmegen the Netherlands"},{"name":"Faculty of Education and Psychology E\u00f6tv\u00f6s Lor\u00e1nd University  Budapest Hungary"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization World Health Organization.Management of Substance Abuse Unit. Global status report on alcohol and health 2014. World Health Organization;2014."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0893-164X.22.1.68"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08870446.2017.1325889"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0014414"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1994.03520210056032"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0893-164X.15.4.287"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2010.03167.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/add.13210"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","first-page":"144","article-title":"Defining risk drinking","volume":"34","author":"Dawson D. A.","year":"2011","journal-title":"Alcohol Res Health"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1024\/suc.2003.49.2.105"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15288\/jsa.2003.64.500"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization.International guide for monitoring alcohol consumption and related harm [online].Geneva:WHO Department of Mental Health and Substance Dependence Noncommunicable Diseases and Mental Health Cluster.2000. Available at:http:\/\/whqlibdoc.who.int\/hq\/2000\/WHO_MSD_MSB_00.4.pdf(accessed 20 March 2018)."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","volume-title":"Australian Guidelines to Reduce Health Risks From Drinking Alcohol","author":"National Health and Medical Research Council","year":"2009"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","volume-title":"Alcohol and Health in Canada: A Summary of Evidence and Guidelines for Low\u2010Risk Drinking","author":"Butt P.","year":"2011"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/pha0000037"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0001-2998(78)80014-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13312-011-0055-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1465-3362.2011.00335.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2013.04.027"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2016.11.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"MillerW. R. ToniganJ. S. LongabaughR.The drinker inventory of consequences (DrInC). Project MATCH Monograph Series1995;4:319\u2013322.","DOI":"10.1037\/e563232012-001"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ejcn.1601746"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15288\/jsad.2007.68.303"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2012.02.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2010.02.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.12386"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40429-016-0125-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.13051"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0031552"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwp331"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13645579.2017.1293928"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"SantaniD. BielJ. LabhartF. TruongJ. LandoltS. KuntscheE.et al.The night is young: urban crowdsourcing of nightlife patterns. Proceedings of the 2016 ACM International Joint Conference on Pervasive and Ubiquitous Computing Heidelberg 12\u201316 September2016; pp.427\u2013438.","DOI":"10.1145\/2971648.2971713"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jasp.12419"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.13490"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1027\/1015-5759\/a000137"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.2012.01872.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_38_1","volume-title":"Stata Statistical Software: Release 14","author":"StataCorp","year":"2015"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.143.1.7063747"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(1950)3:1<32::AID-CNCR2820030106>3.0.CO;2-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwj063"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.85.7.982"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0893-164X.15.4.310"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0126209"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2007.096032"}],"container-title":["Addiction"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fadd.14370","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/add.14370","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,17]],"date-time":"2023-09-17T02:32:25Z","timestamp":1694917945000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/add.14370"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,16]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/add.14370"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/add.14370","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0965-2140","1360-0443"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0965-2140","type":"print"},{"value":"1360-0443","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,16]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2017-10-02","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2018-06-13","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2018-07-16","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}