{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]],"date-time":"2026-07-21T07:44:55Z","timestamp":1784619895036,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":105,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,12]],"date-time":"2018-10-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1539302400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000276","name":"Department of Health & Social Care","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ATTUNE: Understanding the pathways for stimulant u"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ATTUNE: Understanding the pathways for stimulant u"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000276","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Addiction"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background and aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>There is limited evidence on what shapes amphetamine\u2010type stimulant (ATS) use trajectories. This systematic narrative review and qualitative synthesis aimed to identify individual, social and environmental influences shaping key phases in the ATS use trajectory: initiation, continuation, increase\/relapse and decrease\/abstinence.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>MEDLINE, PsycINFO, EMBASE, and PROQUEST (social science premium collection) were searched from 2000 to 2018. Studies of any qualitative design were eligible for inclusion. Extracted data were analysed according to four key phases within drug pathways, and then cross\u2010analysed for individual, social and environmental influences.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Forty\u2010four papers based on 39 unique studies were included, reporting the views of 1879 ATS users. Participants were aged 14\u201358\u00a0years, from varied socio\u2010economic and demographic groups, and located in North America, Europe, Australasia and South East Asia. Reasons for initiation included: to boost performance at work and in sexual relationships, promote a sense of social \u2018belonging\u2019 and help manage stress. Similar reasons motivated continued use, combined with the challenge of managing withdrawal effects in long\u2010term users. Increased tolerance and\/or experiencing a critical life event contributed to an increase in use. Reasons for decrease focused on: increased awareness of the negative health impacts of long\u2010term use, disconnecting from social networks or relationships and financial instability.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Amphetamine\u2010type stimulant users are a highly diverse population, and their drug use careers are shaped by a complex dynamic of individual, social and environmental factors. Tailored, joined\u2010up interventions are needed to address users\u2019 overlapping economic, health and social care needs in order to support long\u2010term abstinence.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/add.14434","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,3]],"date-time":"2018-09-03T14:39:56Z","timestamp":1535985596000},"page":"24-47","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["Which individual, social and environmental influences shape key phases in the amphetamine type stimulant use trajectory? A systematic narrative review and thematic synthesis of the qualitative literature"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"114","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4071-9434","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amy","family":"O'Donnell","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Health and Society Newcastle University  Newcastle upon Tyne UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michelle","family":"Addison","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Health and Society Newcastle University  Newcastle upon Tyne UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liam","family":"Spencer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Health and Society Newcastle University  Newcastle upon Tyne UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heike","family":"Zurhold","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Interdisciplinary Addiction Research of Hamburg University, Department of Psychiatry University Medical Centre Hamburg\u2010Eppendorf  Hamburg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Moritz","family":"Rosenkranz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Interdisciplinary Addiction Research of Hamburg University, Department of Psychiatry University Medical Centre Hamburg\u2010Eppendorf  Hamburg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruth","family":"McGovern","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Health and Society Newcastle University  Newcastle upon Tyne UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eilish","family":"Gilvarry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Health and Society Newcastle University  Newcastle upon Tyne UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcus\u2010Sebastian","family":"Martens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Interdisciplinary Addiction Research of Hamburg University, Department of Psychiatry University Medical Centre Hamburg\u2010Eppendorf  Hamburg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Uwe","family":"Verthein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Interdisciplinary Addiction Research of Hamburg University, Department of Psychiatry University Medical Centre Hamburg\u2010Eppendorf  Hamburg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eileen","family":"Kaner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Health and Society Newcastle University  Newcastle upon Tyne UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2013.12.025"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","unstructured":"United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime.World Drug Report 2017. Vienna: United Nations;2017."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","volume-title":"New Psychoactive Substances in Europe: Legislation and Prosecution","author":"European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction and Eurojust","year":"2017"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000439273"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ADM.0000000000000115"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2011.06.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.publhealth.012809.103600"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09595230801950572"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02791072.2009.10400671"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","unstructured":"Psychoactive substances ban 6 months on: almost 500 arrests and first convictions. [press release]. Available at:https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/news\/psychoactive\u2010substances\u2010ban\u20106\u2010months\u2010on\u2010almost\u2010500\u2010arrests\u2010and\u2010first\u2010convictions(accessed 20 August 2018) (Archived athttp:\/\/www.webcitation.org\/72VaOUFbSon 17 September 2018)."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09687637.2017.1378620"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","article-title":"Psychosocial interventions for psychostimulant misuse","volume":"9","author":"Minozzi S.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dar.12048"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2006.01774.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09595230801919494"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08897071003641578"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2014.08.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2014.02.702"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/0959523031000154472"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","first-page":"363","article-title":"A review of psychological and pharmacological treatment options for methamphetamine dependence","volume":"17","author":"Ciketic S.","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Subst Abuse"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1874473711003030189"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","first-page":"139","article-title":"A qualitative exploration of trajectories among suburban users of methamphetamine","author":"Boeri M. W.","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Ethnograph Qual Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","first-page":"428","article-title":"Lay epidemiology and the rationality of responses to health education","volume":"41","author":"Frankel S.","year":"1991","journal-title":"Br J Gen Pract"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12103-014-9281-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1081\/JA-200033233"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2005.01230.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2017.04.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4135\/9781412985000"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1468794106058867"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1049732312452938"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2288-4-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_33_1","unstructured":"CASP Checklist: 10 questions to help you make sense of a Qualitative research.The Critical Appraisals Skills Programme. Available at:https:\/\/casp-uk.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/CASP-Qualitative-Checklist-Download.pdf(accessed 5 October 2018) (Archived athttp:\/\/www.webcitation.org\/72wYa7acX)."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/acprof:oso\/9780195387216.001.0001"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2288-8-45"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02791072.2014.934978"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2007.10.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1475-682X.2006.00154.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/16066359.2011.566654"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2015.07.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/16066350902802319"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/16066350500270901"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1745-9125.2011.00248.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0022042612456013"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2190\/DE.40.2.d"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02791072.2016.1185553"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09581596.2014.913785"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1300\/J233v04n02_02"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0091450915601520"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2014.03.029"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2009.07.024"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2006.01490.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/09687637.2015.1128883"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.childyouth.2008.05.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02791072.2014.914611"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6939-15-23"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17441692.2013.790459"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01639625.2014.951573"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/casp.770"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2014.06.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1081\/JA-200066810"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2010.11.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/002204261104100403"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15332560802224469"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11524-010-9508-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2007.02.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17730\/humo.67.2.h457132482255391"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02791072.2009.10400670"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2007.07.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/09687637.2010.537713"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15332640.2011.600210"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1300\/J069v21n01_05"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13691058.2011.630756"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15332640.2015.1070392"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15332640.2017.1362721"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2017.10.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02791072.2016.1262085"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2006.07.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0193841X07307316"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/add.13895"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2010.02902.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09595230801923702"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2016-015383"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_84_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1465-3362.2009.00081.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_85_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10550490902925920"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_86_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1465-3362.2010.00203.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_87_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2006.03.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_88_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2018.03.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_89_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"\u2018Legal highs\u2019: the challenge of new psychoactive substances","volume":"16","author":"Winstock A.","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ser Legislat Reform Drug Policies"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_90_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2015.09.030"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_91_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/add.13528"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_92_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mpr.254"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_93_1","volume-title":"The Global Epidemiology of Methamphetamine Injection: A Review of the Evidence on Use and Associations with HIV and Other Harm","author":"Degenhardt L.","year":"2007"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_94_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2009.11.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_95_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(08)60884-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_96_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10550881003684582"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_97_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2011.10.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_98_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2007.01.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_99_1","first-page":"593","article-title":"The recovery paradigm: a model of hope and change for alcohol and drug addiction","volume":"41","author":"Best D. W.","year":"2012","journal-title":"Aust Fam Physician"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_100_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/09687637.2016.1149148"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_101_1","volume-title":"Drug Misuse: Findings from the 2016\/17 Crime Survey for England and Wales. Statistical Bulletin 11\/17","author":"Home Office","year":"2017"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_102_1","volume-title":"Drug Strategy 2017","author":"Home Office","year":"2017"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_103_1","volume-title":"Preliminary Evaluation of the NSW Stimulant Treatment Program","author":"Dunlop A.","year":"2008"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_104_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/add.12617"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_105_1","unstructured":"ChatwinC.Mixed messages from Europe on drug policy reform: the cases of Sweden and the Netherlands. The Brookings Institution. 2018\u201010\u201005. Available at:https:\/\/www.brookings.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/07\/ChatwinSwedenNetherlands-final-1.pdf(accessed 5 October 2018) (Archived athttp:\/\/www.webcitation.org\/72wYLbCl8)."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_106_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2015.09.009"}],"container-title":["Addiction"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fadd.14434","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/add.14434","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,15]],"date-time":"2023-09-15T12:28:43Z","timestamp":1694780923000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/add.14434"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,12]]},"references-count":105,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/add.14434"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/add.14434","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0965-2140","1360-0443"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0965-2140","type":"print"},{"value":"1360-0443","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2018-03-28","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2018-08-24","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2018-10-12","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}