{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T19:06:36Z","timestamp":1792263996908,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,31]],"date-time":"2018-10-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1540944000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,31]],"date-time":"2018-10-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1540944000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010032","name":"Foundation of Shanghai Municipal Commission of Health and Family Planning","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2017ZZ02021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017ZZ02021"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010032","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Addiction"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To describe the polysubstance use patterns of heroin\u2010dependent patients and to understand the impact of polysubstance use patterns on relapse during the 5\u00a0years after completing compulsory rehabilitation programmes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this secondary analysis, the baseline data of 503 heroin\u2010dependent patients were linked with their 5\u2010year follow\u2010up data from official records.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Four compulsory rehabilitation centres in Shanghai, China.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 564 heroin\u2010dependent patients who were discharged from Shanghai compulsory rehabilitation facilities in 2007 and 2008 were recruited. Among these, 503 patients with available follow\u2010up records were included in this analysis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Measurements<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The baseline measurements included the Addiction Severity Index, the Temperament and Character Inventory and the Medical Outcomes Study Social Support Scale. Relapses after discharge from the compulsory rehabilitation centres were extracted monthly from the official electronic record system. Latent class analysis was used to identify different polysubstance use patterns. Associations between the identified latent classes and heroin use and the factors related to relapse during the 5\u2010year follow\u2010up were analysed with the Cox regression model.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Findings<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Three latent classes were identified in this cohort: (1) alcohol polydrug users (APU; 13.7%), (2) low polydrug users (LPU; 76.5%) and (3) amphetamine\u2010type stimulant polydrug users (ASPU; 9.7%). During the 5\u2010year follow\u2010up, 298 heroin patients relapsed, and the three groups showed different relapse rates (ASPU 69.4 versus LPU 60.5 versus APU 44.9%,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.02). The average durations of abstinence for the three groups differed (ASPU 31.27\u00a0\u00b1\u00a03.41\u00a0months versus LPU 36.77\u00a0\u00b1\u00a01.19\u00a0months versus APU 42.46\u00a0\u00b1\u00a02.81\u00a0months,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.02). Multivariate Cox regression analyses found that the LPU [hazard ratio (HR)\u00a0=\u00a01.63, 1.06\u20132.51] and ASPU (HR\u00a0=\u00a02.10, 1.24\u20133.56) classes were positively associated with the risk of heroin relapse.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Polydrug use patterns differ among heroin\u2010dependent patients in compulsory rehabilitation programmes in China. A history of polydrug use may predict heroin relapse risk among patients in those compulsory rehabilitation programmes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/add.14451","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,1]],"date-time":"2018-10-01T22:23:43Z","timestamp":1538432623000},"page":"259-267","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Polydrug use patterns and their impact on relapse among heroin\u2010dependent patients in Shanghai, China"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"114","author":[{"given":"Tianzhen","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Mental Health Center Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Na","family":"Zhong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Mental Health Center Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiang","family":"Du","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Mental Health Center Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhibin","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jiading Mental Health Center  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Mental Health Center Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haiming","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Mental Health Center Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhikang","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Mental Health Center Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haifeng","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Mental Health Center Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine  Shanghai China"},{"name":"Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9689-0583","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Min","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Mental Health Center Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine  Shanghai China"},{"name":"Brain Science and Technology Research Center Shanghai Jiao Tong University  Shanghai China"},{"name":"Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","unstructured":"European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction.Annual Report 2009: the state of the drugs problem in Europe. 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