{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T13:51:49Z","timestamp":1790776309151,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,9]],"date-time":"2018-12-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1544313600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1081984"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1081984"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004423","name":"World Health Organization","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004423","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Addiction"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background and aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>The World Health Organization's (WHO's) proposed International Classification of Diseases, 11th edition (ICD\u201011) includes several major revisions to substance use disorder (SUD) diagnoses. It is essential to ensure the consistency of within\u2010subject diagnostic findings throughout countries, languages and cultures. To date, agreement analyses between different SUD diagnostic systems have largely been based in high\u2010income countries and clinical samples rather than general population samples. We aimed to evaluate the prevalence of, and concordance between diagnoses using the ICD\u201011, The WHO's ICD 10th edition (ICD\u201010) and the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th and 5th editions (DSM\u2010IV, DSM\u20105); the prevalence of disaggregated ICD\u201010 and ICD\u201011 symptoms; and variation in clinical features across diagnostic groups.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cross\u2010sectional household surveys.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title><jats:p>Representative surveys of the general population in 10 countries (Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Colombia, Iraq, Northern Ireland, Poland, Portugal, Romania and Spain) of the World Mental Health Survey Initiative.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title><jats:p>Questions about SUDs were asked of 12\u2009182 regular alcohol users and 1788 cannabis users.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Measurements<\/jats:title><jats:p>Each survey used the World Mental Health Survey Initiative version of the WHO Composite International Diagnostic Interview version 3.0 (WMH\u2010CIDI).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Findings<\/jats:title><jats:p>Among regular alcohol users, prevalence (95% confidence interval) of life\u2010time ICD\u201011 alcohol harmful use and dependence were 21.6% (20.5\u201322.6%) and 7.0% (6.4\u20137.7%), respectively. Among cannabis users, 9.3% (7.4\u201311.1%) met criteria for ICD\u201011 harmful use and 3.2% (2.3\u20134.0%) for dependence. For both substances, all comparisons of ICD\u201011 with ICD\u201010 and DSM\u2010IV showed excellent concordance (all \u03ba\u00a0\u2265\u00a00.9). Concordance between ICD\u201011 and DSM\u20105 ranged from good (for SUD and comparisons of dependence and severe SUD) to poor (for comparisons of harmful use and mild SUD). Very low endorsement rates were observed for new ICD\u201011 feature for harmful use (\u2018harm to others\u2019). Minimal variation in clinical features was observed across diagnostic systems.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The World Health Organization's proposed International Classification of Diseases, 11th edition (ICD\u201011) classifications for substance use disorder diagnoses are highly consistent with the ICD 10th edition and the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition (DSM\u2010IV). Concordance between ICD\u201011 and the DSM 5th edition (DSM\u20105) varies, due largely to low levels of agreement for the ICD harmful use and DSM\u20105 mild use disorder. Diagnostic validity of self\u2010reported \u2018harm to others\u2019 is questionable.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/add.14482","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,29]],"date-time":"2018-10-29T08:17:08Z","timestamp":1540801028000},"page":"534-552","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":55,"title":["Concordance between the diagnostic guidelines for alcohol and cannabis use disorders in the draft ICD\u201011 and other classification systems: analysis of data from the WHO's World Mental Health Surveys"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"114","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8513-2218","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Louisa","family":"Degenhardt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre (NDARC) UNSW Sydney 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