{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,11]],"date-time":"2026-10-11T01:02:25Z","timestamp":1791680545014,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,2]],"date-time":"2019-01-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1546387200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000061","name":"Fogarty International Center","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["D43TW009575"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["D43TW009575"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000061","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Addiction"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To summarize evidence for the efficacy of smoking cessation interventions in low\u2010 and middle\u2010income countries (LMICs).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Systematic review and meta\u2010analysis of randomized controlled trials.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>LMICs as defined by the World Bank.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Adult current cigarette smokers residing in LMICs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Interventions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Behavioral and\/or pharmacotherapy smoking cessation interventions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Measurements<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>PubMed MEDLINE, EMBASE (embase.com), Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (Wiley), PsycINFO (Ebsco), SciELO, WHO Global Index Medicus and Scopus were searched from inception to 4\u00a0April 2018. Only studies with at least 6\u00a0months of follow\u2010up were included. We used the most rigorous assessment of abstinence reported by each study. Effect sizes were computed from abstracted data. Where possible, a meta\u2010analysis was performed using Mantel\u2013Haenzel random\u2010effect models reporting odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Findings<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Twenty\u2010four randomized controlled trials were included. Six investigated the efficacy of pharmacological agents. Four trials that compared nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) to placebo found NRT improved cessation rates (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0: NRT 546, control 684, OR\u00a0=\u00a01.76, 95% CI\u00a0=\u00a01.30\u20132.77,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001,\n                      <jats:italic>I<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a013%). Eight trials found that behavioral counseling was more effective than minimal interventions (e.g. brief advice);\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0: Counseling 2941, control 2794, OR\u00a0=\u00a06.87, 95% CI\u00a0=\u00a04.18\u201311.29,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001,\n                      <jats:italic>I<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a067%). There was also evidence of the benefit of brief advice over usual care (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0: Brief advice 373, control 355, OR\u00a0=\u00a02.46, 95% CI\u00a0=\u00a01.56\u20133.88,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001,\n                      <jats:italic>I<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00%).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Nicotine replacement therapy, behavioral counseling and brief advice appear to be effective in aiding smoking cessation in low\u2010 and middle\u2010income countries. There is limited rigorous research on other smoking cessation interventions in these regions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/add.14518","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,3]],"date-time":"2018-12-03T00:23:31Z","timestamp":1543796611000},"page":"620-635","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":64,"title":["The efficacy of smoking cessation interventions in low\u2010 and middle\u2010income countries: a systematic review and meta\u2010analysis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"114","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6022-2359","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maxwell Oluwole","family":"Akanbi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Sciences Integrated PhD Program, Center for Education in Health Sciences Institute for Public Health and Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine  Chicago IL USA"},{"name":"Center for Global Health Northwestern University  Chicago IL USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Allison Jane","family":"Carroll","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Medicine Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine  Chicago IL USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chad","family":"Achenbach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Global Health Northwestern University  Chicago IL USA"},{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine  Chicago IL USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linda Catherine","family":"O'Dwyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Galter Health Sciences Library and Learning Center Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine  Chicago IL USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Neil","family":"Jordan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Sciences Integrated PhD Program, Center for Education in Health Sciences Institute for Public Health and Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine  Chicago IL USA"},{"name":"Hines VA Hospital  Hines IL USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brian","family":"Hitsman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Medicine Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine  Chicago IL USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lucy Ann","family":"Bilaver","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Sciences Integrated PhD Program, Center for Education in Health Sciences Institute for Public Health and Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine  Chicago IL USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Megan Colleen","family":"McHugh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Sciences Integrated PhD Program, Center for Education in Health Sciences Institute for Public Health and Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine  Chicago IL USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Murphy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Global Health Northwestern University  Chicago IL USA"},{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine  Chicago IL USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)30819-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)00128-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.153.2.8564146"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","unstructured":"EriksenM. 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