{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T19:59:17Z","timestamp":1792007957849,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,1]],"date-time":"2019-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1548979200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Institute on Drug Abuse, NIH and Food and Drug Administration, HHS","award":["HHSN271201100027C"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HHSN271201100027C"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Addiction"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background and Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>Youth aged 15\u201317\u00a0years are at high risk of tobacco, alcohol and drug use. Given the changing landscape with respect to availability, use of emerging products and regulatory environments, we examined patterns and correlates of polysubstance use among US youth aged 15\u201317\u00a0years.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cross\u2010sectional self\u2010reported data.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title><jats:p>United States.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 6127\u00a0US youth aged 15\u201317\u00a0years from wave 1 (2013\u201314) of the nationally representative Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Measurements<\/jats:title><jats:p>Latent class analysis was used to identif<jats:bold>y<\/jats:bold> subgroups of polysubstance use, including 12 tobacco products, alcohol, marijuana, prescription drugs and other drugs. Socio\u2010demographic characteristics, residence in urban area, sensation\u2010seeking, sexual orientation and internalizing and externalizing problems were examined as correlates.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Findings<\/jats:title><jats:p>Approximately 43.5% of 15\u201317\u2010year\u2010olds had used at least one substance in the past 12\u00a0months. A 5\u2010class model was identified: class 1 \u2018abstainers\u2019 (67.3%), class 2 \u2018alcohol users\u2019 (19.2%), class 3 \u2018alcohol, marijuana and tobacco (AMT<jats:sub>predominant AM<\/jats:sub>) users\u2019 (8.2%), class 4 \u2018alcohol, marijuana and tobacco (AMT<jats:sub>predominant T<\/jats:sub>) users\u2019 (3.9%) and class 5 \u2018alcohol, marijuana, tobacco and other drug (AMTOD) users\u2019 (1.4%). Abstainers were considered the reference class. Higher sensation\u2010seeking scores, higher age and lower academic grades were each associated with greater likelihood of membership in all user classes. Gender, race\/ethnicity, parents\/guardians\u2019 education, residence in non\u2010urban areas and sexual minority groups were associated with membership in some, but not all, user classes. Compared with no\/low\/moderate severity, high severity internalizing problems were associated with membership in classes 2, 3 and 5, whereas high severity externalizing problems were associated with membership in classes 3 and 5 only.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>There appear to be three heterogeneous polysubstance use classes among US youth aged 15\u201317\u00a0years. Correlates of substance use among US youth include higher sensation\u2010seeking, poor academic performance, non\u2010urban residence, minority sexual orientation and mental health problems.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/add.14547","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,7]],"date-time":"2019-01-07T02:38:15Z","timestamp":1546828695000},"page":"907-916","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":58,"title":["Patterns and correlates of polysubstance use among US youth aged 15\u201317\u00a0years: wave 1 of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"114","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4880-2550","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marushka L.","family":"Silveira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health  Bethesda MD USA"},{"name":"Kelly Government Solutions  Rockville MD USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Victoria R.","family":"Green","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Congressional Research Service, Library of Congress  Washington DC USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Iannaccone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Georgetown University  Washington DC USA"},{"name":"Rutgers New Jersey Medical School  Newark NJ USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heather L.","family":"Kimmel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health  Bethesda MD USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kevin P.","family":"Conway","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"RTI International \u2013 Survey Research Division  Rockville MD USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","volume-title":"Preventing Tobacco Use Among Youth and Young Adults: A Report of the Surgeon General","author":"National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion","year":"2012"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","volume-title":"Facing Addiction in America: The Surgeon General's Report on Alcohol, Drugs, and Health","author":"US Department of Health and Human Services (HHS)","year":"2016"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(15)00508-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMsa1607538"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6623a1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","volume-title":"Monitoring the Future National Survey Results on Drug use, 1975\u20132016: Overview, Key Findings on Adolescent Drug Use","author":"Johnston L. 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