{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T12:19:14Z","timestamp":1791893954509,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":80,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,19]],"date-time":"2019-03-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1552953600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000280","name":"Alcohol Research UK","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000280","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Addiction"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background and Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>Despite a wealth of literature, the relationship between anxiety and alcohol use remains unclear. We examined whether (a) child and adolescent anxiety is positively or negatively associated with later alcohol use and disorders and (b) study characteristics explain inconsistencies in findings.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design and Setting<\/jats:title><jats:p>We conducted a systematic review of 51 prospective cohort studies from 11 countries. Three studies contributed to a meta\u2010analysis. We searched PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and PsycINFO databases, and studies were included if they met the following criteria: English language publication, human participants, anxiety exposure (predictor variable) in childhood or adolescence and alcohol outcome at least 6\u00a0months later.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title><jats:p>Study sample sizes ranged from 110 to 11\u2009157 participants. Anxiety exposure ages ranged from 3 to 24\u00a0years, and alcohol outcome ages ranged from 11 to 42\u00a0years.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Measurements<\/jats:title><jats:p>Ninety\u2010seven associations across 51 studies were categorized by anxiety exposure (generalized anxiety disorder, internalizing disorders, miscellaneous anxiety, obsessive compulsive disorder, panic disorder, separation anxiety disorder, social anxiety disorder and specific phobias) and alcohol use outcome (drinking frequency\/quantity, binge drinking and alcohol use disorders).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Findings<\/jats:title><jats:p>The narrative synthesis revealed some evidence for a positive association between anxiety and later alcohol use disorders. Associations of anxiety with later drinking frequency\/quantity and binge drinking were inconsistent. Type and developmental period of anxiety, follow\u2010up duration, sample size and confounders considered did not appear to explain the discrepant findings. The meta\u2010analysis also showed no clear evidence of a relationship between generalized anxiety disorder and later alcohol use disorder (odds ratio\u00a0=\u00a00.94, 95% confidence interval\u00a0=\u00a00.47\u20131.87).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Evidence to date is suggestive, but far from conclusive of a positive association between anxiety during childhood and adolescence and subsequent alcohol use disorder.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/add.14575","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,20]],"date-time":"2019-03-20T05:04:33Z","timestamp":1553058273000},"page":"968-982","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":74,"title":["Associations of child and adolescent anxiety with later alcohol use and disorders: a systematic review and meta\u2010analysis of prospective cohort studies"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"114","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5924-4400","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maddy L.","family":"Dyer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"UK Centre for Tobacco and Alcohol Studies, School of Psychological Science University of Bristol  Bristol UK"},{"name":"Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School University of Bristol  Bristol UK"},{"name":"MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU) University of Bristol  Bristol UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3718-2915","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kayleigh E.","family":"Easey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UK Centre for Tobacco and Alcohol Studies, School of Psychological Science University of Bristol  Bristol UK"},{"name":"Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School University of Bristol  Bristol UK"},{"name":"MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU) University of Bristol  Bristol UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jon","family":"Heron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School University of Bristol  Bristol UK"},{"name":"MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU) University of Bristol  Bristol UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9864-459X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matthew","family":"Hickman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School University of Bristol  Bristol UK"},{"name":"MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU) University of Bristol  Bristol UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4049-993X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcus R.","family":"Munaf\u00f2","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UK Centre for Tobacco and Alcohol Studies, School of Psychological Science University of Bristol  Bristol UK"},{"name":"MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU) University of Bristol  Bristol UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/da.20257"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","first-page":"198","article-title":"Economic costs of excessive alcohol consumption in the U.S., 2006 (vol 41, pg 516, 2011)","volume":"44","author":"Bouchery E. 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