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The analysis quantified alcohol and THC and gave semiquantitative levels of other impairing drugs and medications. Police crash reports were analysed to determine which drivers contributed to the crash (responsible) and which were \u2018innocently involved\u2019 (non\u2010responsible). We used unconditional logistic regression to determine the likelihood (odds ratio: OR) of crash responsibility in drivers with 0\u00a0&lt;\u00a0THC\u00a0&lt;\u00a02\u00a0ng\/ml, 2\u00a0ng\/ml\u00a0\u2264\u00a0THC\u00a0&lt;\u00a05\u00a0ng\/ml and THC\u00a0\u2265\u00a05\u00a0ng\/ml (all versus THC\u00a0=\u00a00\u00a0ng\/ml). Risk estimates were adjusted for age, sex and presence of other impairing substances.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Findings<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We obtained toxicology results on 3005 injured drivers and police reports on 2318. Alcohol was detected in 14.4% of drivers, THC in 8.3%, other drugs in 8.9% and sedating medications in 19.8%. There was no increased risk of crash responsibility in drivers with THC\u00a0&lt;\u00a02\u00a0ng\/ml or 2\u00a0\u2264\u00a0THC\u00a0&lt;\u00a05\u00a0ng\/ml. In drivers with THC\u00a0\u2265\u00a05\u00a0ng\/ml, the adjusted OR was 1.74 [95% confidence interval (CI)\u00a0=\u00a00.59\u20136.36;\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.35]. There was significantly increased risk of crash responsibility in drivers with blood alcohol concentration (BAC)\u00a0\u2265\u00a00.08% (OR\u00a0=\u00a06.00;95% CI\u00a0=\u00a03.87\u20139.75;\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.01), other recreational drugs detected (OR\u00a0=\u00a01.82;95% CI\u00a0=\u00a01.21\u20132.80;\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.01) or sedating medications detected (OR\u00a0=\u00a01.45; 95%CI\u00a0=\u00a01.11\u20131.91;\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.01).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this sample of non\u2010fatally injured motor vehicle drivers in British Columbia, Canada, there was no evidence of increased crash risk in drivers with \u0394\u20109\u2010tetrahydrocannabinol\u00a0&lt;\u00a05\u00a0ng\/ml and a statistically non\u2010significant increased risk of crash responsibility (odds ratio\u00a0=\u00a01.74) in drivers with \u0394\u20109\u2010tetrahydrocannabinol\u00a0\u2265\u00a05\u00a0ng\/ml.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/add.14663","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,20]],"date-time":"2019-05-20T04:16:08Z","timestamp":1558325768000},"page":"1616-1626","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":101,"title":["Cannabis use as a risk factor for causing motor vehicle crashes: a prospective study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"114","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4866-4231","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeffrey R.","family":"Brubacher","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Vancouver General Hospital and University of British Columbia  Vancouver BC Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Herbert","family":"Chan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of British Columbia  Vancouver BC Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shannon","family":"Erdelyi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of British Columbia  Vancouver BC Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Scott","family":"Macdonald","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Victoria  Victoria BC Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Asbridge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dalhousie University  Halifax Nova Scotia Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert E.","family":"Mann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto and University of Toronto  Toronto Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey","family":"Eppler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kelowna General Hospital and University of British Columbia  Kelowna BC Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adam","family":"Lund","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Royal Columbian Hospital and University of British Columbia  New Westminster BC Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"MacPherson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Victoria General Hospital and University of British Columbia  Victoria BC Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Walter","family":"Martz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Forensic Medicine, Justus Liebig University  Giessen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William E.","family":"Schreiber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of British Columbia  Vancouver BC Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rollin","family":"Brant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of British Columbia  Vancouver BC Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roy A.","family":"Purssell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of British Columbia  Vancouver BC Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","first-page":"612","article-title":"Medical marijuana and related legal aspects","volume":"38","author":"Marcoux R. 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