{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T16:41:44Z","timestamp":1790786504054,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,15]],"date-time":"2019-07-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1563148800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,15]],"date-time":"2019-07-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1563148800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Addiction"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Alcohol use is an important preventable and modifiable cause of non\u2010communicable disease, and has complex effects on the cardiovascular system that vary with dose. Observational and prospective studies have consistently shown a lower risk of cardiovascular and all\u2010cause mortality in people with low levels of alcohol consumption when compared to abstainers (the \u2018J\u2019\u2010shaped curve). Maximum potential benefit occurs at 0.5 to one\u00a0standard drinks (7\u201314\u00a0g pure ethanol) per day for women (18%\u00a0lower all\u2010cause mortality, 95% confidence interval (CI)\u00a0=\u00a013\u201322%) and one to two standard drinks (14\u201328\u00a0g ethanol) per day for men (17% lower all\u2010cause mortality, 95% CI\u00a0=\u00a015\u201319%). However, this evidence is contested, and overall the detrimental effects of alcohol far outweigh the beneficial effects, with the risk of premature mortality increasing steadily after an average consumption of 10\u00a0g ethanol\/day. Blood pressure (BP) is increased by regular alcohol consumption in a dose\u2010dependent manner, with a relative risk for hypertension (systolic BP &gt;\u00a0140\u00a0mm Hg or diastolic &gt;\u00a090\u00a0mm Hg) of 1.7 for 50\u00a0g ethanol\/day and 2.5 at 100\u00a0g\/day. Important reductions in BP readings can be expected after as little as 1\u00a0month of abstinence from alcohol. Heavy alcohol consumption in a binge pattern is associated with the development of acute cardiac arrhythmia, even in people with normal heart function. Atrial fibrillation is the most common arrhythmia associated with chronic high\u2010volume alcohol intake, and above 14\u00a0g alcohol\/day the relative risk increases 10% for every extra standard drink (14\u00a0g ethanol). Ethanol and its metabolites have toxic effects on cardiac myocytes, and alcoholic cardiomyopathy (ACM) accounts for a third of all cases of non\u2010ischaemic dilated cardiomyopathy. Screening people drinking alcohol above low\u2010volume levels and delivering a brief intervention may prevent the development of cardiovascular complications. Although people with established cardiovascular disease show improved outcomes with a reduction to low\u2010volume alcohol consumption, there is no safe amount of alcohol to drink and patients with ACM should aim for abstinence in order to optimize medical treatment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/add.14703","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,15]],"date-time":"2019-07-15T22:29:42Z","timestamp":1563229782000},"page":"1670-1678","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":158,"title":["Alcohol use disorders and the heart"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"114","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7106-7013","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ed","family":"Day","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Mental Health, School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, and Honorary Consultant in Addiction Psychiatry, Solihull Integrated Addiction Service  UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2243-3117","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"James H. 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