{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T16:36:48Z","timestamp":1789058208185,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,4]],"date-time":"2019-08-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1564876800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,4]],"date-time":"2019-08-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1564876800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003554","name":"Lundbeckfonden","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003554","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Addiction"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We aimed to investigate whether or not a diagnosis of schizophrenia increases the risk of a substance abuse diagnosis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Prospective cohort study using a longitudinal study design.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting and participants<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Individuals born in Denmark from 1955 to 1999 and registered in the Danish registers between 1\u00a0January 1968 and 1\u00a0July 2013.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Measurements<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We investigated the associations between schizophrenia and ICD diagnoses of substance abuse, both established through various Danish registers. The Cox regression model was used and adjusted for calendar year, gender, urbanicity, co\u2010abuse, other psychiatric diagnoses, parents' substance abuse and psychiatric history, parents' immigration and parents' socio\u2010economic position. Individuals diagnosed with substance abuse less than a year after diagnosis of schizophrenia were classified as not diagnosed with schizophrenia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Findings<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The cohort consisted of 3\u2009133\u2009968 individuals. During follow\u2010up (103\u2009212\u2009328 person\u2010years at risk), a total of 14\u2009007 individuals developed schizophrenia, with 2885 subsequently diagnosed with substance abuse. A diagnosis of schizophrenia was positively associated with the risk of developing substance abuse [hazard ratio (HR)\u00a0=\u00a03.69, 95% confidence interval (CI)\u00a0=\u00a03.56\u20133.83]. Additionally, adjusting for a co\u2010abuse markedly affected the associations, making schizophrenia primarily associated with an increased risk of abuse of cannabis, alcohol, stimulants and other substances (adjusted HR\u00a0=\u00a02.48, 95% CI\u00a0=\u00a02.34\u20132.64 for cannabis; HR\u00a0=\u00a01.94, 95% CI\u00a0=\u00a01.87\u20132.02 for alcohol; HR\u00a0=\u00a01.77, 95% CI\u00a0=\u00a01.61\u20131.95 for stimulants; HR\u00a0=\u00a01.36, 95% CI\u00a0=\u00a01.20\u20131.54 for other substances). The association was still significant 10\u201315\u00a0years subsequent a diagnosis of schizophrenia (HR\u00a0=\u00a02.50, 95% CI\u00a0=\u00a02.26\u20132.76).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In Denmark a diagnosis of schizophrenia is significantly associated with increased risk of subsequent diagnosis of substance abuse.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/add.14746","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,13]],"date-time":"2019-07-13T20:33:51Z","timestamp":1563050031000},"page":"2217-2226","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Schizophrenia is associated with increased risk of subsequent substance abuse diagnosis: A nation\u2010wide population\u2010based register study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"114","author":[{"given":"Stine Mai","family":"Petersen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Copenhagen Research Center for Mental Health\u2014CORE, Mental Health Center Copenhagen Copenhagen University Hospital  Hellerup Denmark"},{"name":"The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH  Aarhus Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nanna Gilliam","family":"Toftdahl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Copenhagen Research Center for Mental Health\u2014CORE, Mental Health Center Copenhagen Copenhagen University Hospital  Hellerup Denmark"},{"name":"The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH  Aarhus Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Merete","family":"Nordentoft","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Copenhagen Research Center for Mental Health\u2014CORE, Mental Health Center Copenhagen Copenhagen University Hospital  Hellerup Denmark"},{"name":"The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH  Aarhus Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6943-4785","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carsten","family":"Hjorth\u00f8j","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Copenhagen Research Center for Mental Health\u2014CORE, Mental Health Center Copenhagen Copenhagen University Hospital  Hellerup Denmark"},{"name":"The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH  Aarhus Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Public Health, Section of Epidemiology University of Copenhagen  Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbp031"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-015-1104-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0920-9964(00)00114-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","unstructured":"European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA).European Drug Report 2015. 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