{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T13:36:23Z","timestamp":1790256983123,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,12]],"date-time":"2019-09-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1568246400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,12]],"date-time":"2019-09-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1568246400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Addiction"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Addiction to methamphetamine\/amphetamine (MA\/A) is a major public health problem. Currently there are no pharmacotherapies for MA\/A use disorder that have been approved for use by the US Food and Drug Administration or the European Medicines Agency. We reviewed the effectiveness of pharmacotherapy for MA\/A use disorder to assess the quality, publication bias and overall strength of the evidence.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Systematic review and meta\u2010analysis. We searched multiple data sources (MEDLINE, PsycINFO and Cochrane Library) to April 2019 for systematic reviews (SRs) and randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Included studies recruited adults who had MA\/A use disorder; sample sizes ranged from 19 to 229 participants. Outcomes of interest were abstinence, defined as 3 or more consecutive weeks with negative urine drug screens (UDS); overall use, analyzed as the proportion of MA\/A negative UDS specimens; and treatment retention. One SR of pharmacotherapies for MA\/A use disorder and 17 additional RCTs met our inclusion criteria encompassing 17 different drugs (antidepressants, antipsychotics, psychostimulants, anticonvulsants and opioid antagonists). We combined the findings of trials with comparable interventions and outcome measures in random\u2010effects meta\u2010analyses. We assessed quality, publication bias and the strength of evidence for each outcome using standardized criteria.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      There was low\u2010strength evidence from two RCTs that methylphenidate may reduce MA\/A use: 6.5 versus 2.8% MA\/A\u2010negative UDS in one study (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a034,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.008) and 23 versus 16% in another study (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a054,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.047). Antidepressants as a class had no statistically significant effect on abstinence or retention on the basis of moderate strength evidence. Studies of anticonvulsants, antipsychotics (aripiprazole), opioid antagonists (naltrexone), varenicline and atomoxetine provided either low\u2010strength or insufficient evidence of no effect on the outcomes of interest. Many of the studies had high or unclear risk of bias.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>On the basis of low\u2010 to moderate\u2010strength evidence, most medications evaluated for methamphetamine\/amphetamine use disorder have not shown a statistically significant benefit. However, there is low\u2010strength evidence that methylphenidate may reduce use.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/add.14755","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,22]],"date-time":"2019-07-22T03:19:33Z","timestamp":1563765573000},"page":"2122-2136","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":142,"title":["Pharmacotherapy for methamphetamine\/amphetamine use disorder\u2014a systematic review and meta\u2010analysis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"114","author":[{"given":"Brian","family":"Chan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of General Internal Medicine and Geriatrics Oregon Health and Science University  Portland OR USA"},{"name":"Central City Concern  Portland OR USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6384-951X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michele","family":"Freeman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Evidence\u2010based Synthesis Program Center VA Portland Health Care System  Portland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karli","family":"Kondo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Evidence\u2010based Synthesis Program Center VA Portland Health Care System  Portland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chelsea","family":"Ayers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Evidence\u2010based Synthesis Program Center VA Portland Health Care System  Portland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jessica","family":"Montgomery","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Evidence\u2010based Synthesis Program Center VA Portland Health Care System  Portland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robin","family":"Paynter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Evidence\u2010based Synthesis Program Center VA Portland Health Care System  Portland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Devan","family":"Kansagara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of General Internal Medicine and Geriatrics Oregon Health and Science University  Portland OR USA"},{"name":"Evidence\u2010based Synthesis Program Center VA Portland Health Care System  Portland USA"},{"name":"Department of Medicine VA Portland Health Care System  Portland OR USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2125.2010.03639.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","unstructured":"United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC).World Drug Report 2017. 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