{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T15:47:02Z","timestamp":1790696822343,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,6]],"date-time":"2020-01-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1578268800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Addiction"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background and Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>Sustained\u2010release (SR) formulations of dexamphetamine and mixed amphetamine salts have shown positive effects in the treatment of patients with a cocaine use disorder. We previously demonstrated the efficacy of SR\u2010dexamphetamine for patients with cocaine dependence in terms of cocaine use reductions. In this secondary analysis, we assessed whether SR\u2010dexamphetamine treatment also improves the health status of these patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Multi\u2010centre randomized, double\u2010blind placebo\u2010controlled trial.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title><jats:p>Four supervised heroin\u2010assisted treatment (HAT) out\u2010patient clinics in the Netherlands. In HAT, methadone treatment\u2010refractory opioid\u2010dependent patients can self\u2010administer individually titrated doses of pharmaceutical grade diacetylmorphine, coprescribed with oral methadone.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title><jats:p>Seventy\u2010three cocaine\u2010dependent patients (90% males; average age\u00a0=\u00a048.7\u00a0years), participating in HAT for their treatment\u2010refractory comorbid opioid dependence.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Interventions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Twelve weeks pharmacotherapy with once\u2010daily, supervised intake of two tablets of SR\u2010dexamphetamine (2\u00a0\u00d7\u00a030\u00a0mg\/day) or two identical placebo tablets.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Measurements<\/jats:title><jats:p>Assessment every 4\u00a0weeks: cocaine use (time\u2010line follow\u2010back), physical health (Maudsley Addiction Profile\u2013Health Symptoms Scale), mental health (Brief Symptom Inventory) and illegal activities (Addiction Severity Index). Primary outcome was \u2018overall health\u2019, a dichotomous, multi\u2010domain response index based on physical health, mental health and social functioning.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Findings<\/jats:title><jats:p>Compared with placebo, SR\u2010dexamphetamine resulted in larger increases in the number of cocaine abstinent days (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.004) and the proportion of overall health treatment responders (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.045) from the 4\u00a0weeks preceding baseline to the final 4\u00a0weeks of treatment. While the number of cocaine abstinent days was not associated with overall health in the total study sample, it was positively associated with overall health among patients in poor overall health at the start of SR\u2010dexamphetamine treatment (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a050), i.e. patients with the potential to improve on this multi\u2010domain response index (odds ratio\u00a0=\u00a01.076; 95% confidence interval\u00a0=\u00a01.025\u20131.130).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>SR\u2010dexamphetamine reduces cocaine use and may improve clinically relevant health\u2010related outcomes in patients with cocaine dependence who are participating in heroin\u2010assisted treatment for their comorbid heroin dependence.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/add.14874","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,5]],"date-time":"2019-11-05T16:51:09Z","timestamp":1572972669000},"page":"917-923","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Clinical effects beyond cocaine use of sustained\u2010release dexamphetamine for the treatment of cocaine dependent patients with comorbid opioid dependence: secondary analysis of a double\u2010blind, placebo\u2010controlled randomized trial"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"115","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4847-4259","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter","family":"Blanken","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Parnassia Addiction Research Centre (PARC) Brijder Verslavingszorg  The Hague the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mascha","family":"Nuijten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Parnassia Addiction Research Centre (PARC) Brijder Verslavingszorg  The Hague the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wim","family":"van den Brink","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Center University of Amsterdam  Amsterdam the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vincent M.","family":"Hendriks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Parnassia Addiction Research Centre (PARC) Brijder Verslavingszorg  The Hague the Netherlands"},{"name":"Curium, Leiden University Medical Centre, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Leiden University  Leiden the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","article-title":"Methadone maintenance therapy versus no opioid replacement therapy for opioid dependence","volume":"3","author":"Mattick R. 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