{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T15:01:14Z","timestamp":1791558074062,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,20]],"date-time":"2020-01-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1579478400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000026","name":"National Institute on Drug Abuse","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K23 DA044321"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K23 DA044321"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000026","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Addiction"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Benzodiazepines are commonly prescribed to patients with opioid use disorder receiving buprenorphine treatment, yet may increase overdose risk. However, prescribed benzodiazepines may improve retention in care by reducing buprenorphine discontinuation and thus may prevent relapse to illicit opioid use. We aimed to test the association between benzodiazepine prescription and fatal opioid overdose, non\u2010fatal opioid overdose, all\u2010cause mortality and buprenorphine discontinuation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design and Setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This was a retrospective cohort study using five individually linked data sets from Massachusetts, United States government agencies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We studied 63\u2009389 Massachusetts residents aged 18 years or older who received buprenorphine treatment between January 2012 and December 2015.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Measurements<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Filled benzodiazepine prescription during buprenorphine treatment was the main independent variable. The primary outcome was time to fatal opioid overdose. Secondary outcomes were time to non\u2010fatal opioid overdose, all\u2010cause mortality and buprenorphine discontinuation. We defined buprenorphine discontinuation as having a 30\u2010day gap without another prescription following the end date of the previous prescription. We used Cox proportional hazards models to calculate hazards ratios that tested the association between receipt of benzodiazepines and all outcomes, restricted to periods during buprenorphine treatment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Findings<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Of the 63\u2009345 individuals who received buprenorphine, 24% filled at least one benzodiazepine prescription during buprenorphine treatment. Thirty\u2010one per cent of the 183 deaths from opioid overdose occurred when individuals received benzodiazepines during buprenorphine treatment. Benzodiazepine receipt during buprenorphine treatment was associated with an increased risk of fatal opioid overdose adjusted hazard ratio (HR) = 2.92, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 2.10\u20104.06, non\u2010fatal opioid overdose, adjusted HR = 2.05, 95% CI, 1.68\u20102.50, all\u2010cause mortality, adjusted HR = 1.90, 95% CI, 1.48\u20102.44 and a decreased risk of buprenorphine discontinuation, adjusted HR = 0.87, 95% CI, 0.85\u20100.89.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Benzodiazepine receipt appears to be associated with both increased risk of opioid overdose and all\u2010cause mortality and decreased risk of buprenorphine discontinuation among people receiving buprenorphine.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/add.14886","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,8]],"date-time":"2020-01-08T23:04:02Z","timestamp":1578524642000},"page":"924-932","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":74,"title":["Associations between prescribed benzodiazepines, overdose death and buprenorphine discontinuation among people receiving buprenorphine"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"115","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1930-1343","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tae Woo","family":"Park","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Boston University School of Medicine and Boston Medical Center  Boston MA USA"},{"name":"Grayken Center for Addiction Boston Medical Center  Boston MA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marc R.","family":"Larochelle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Grayken Center for Addiction Boston Medical Center  Boston MA USA"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Section of General Internal Medicine, Clinical Addiction Research and Education (CARE) Unit Boston University School of Medicine and Boston Medical Center  Boston MA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2535-1427","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Richard","family":"Saitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Grayken Center for Addiction Boston Medical Center  Boston MA USA"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Section of General Internal Medicine, Clinical Addiction Research and Education (CARE) Unit Boston University School of Medicine and Boston Medical Center  Boston MA USA"},{"name":"Department of Community Health Sciences Boston University School of Public Health  Boston MA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Na","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Data Analytics Center Boston University School of Public Health  Boston MA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dana","family":"Bernson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Office of Population Health, Massachusetts Department of Public Health  Boston MA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8158-4882","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexander Y.","family":"Walley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Grayken Center for Addiction Boston Medical Center  Boston MA USA"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Section of General Internal Medicine, Clinical Addiction Research and Education (CARE) Unit Boston University School of Medicine and Boston Medical Center  Boston MA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ps.201700315"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2018.01.034"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1377\/hlthaff.2018.05162"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/65.1.107"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1191\/0960327102ht303oa"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","first-page":"205","article-title":"Respiratory rates and arterial blood\u2010gas tensions in healthy rabbits given buprenorphine, Butorphanol, midazolam, or their combinations","volume":"50","author":"Schroeder C. 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