{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T23:32:09Z","timestamp":1791502329109,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":103,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,10]],"date-time":"2020-02-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1581292800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000589","name":"Chief Scientist Office","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CAF\/17\/11"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CAF\/17\/11"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000589","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000589","name":"Chief Scientist Office","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SPHSU13"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SPHSU13"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000589","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000589","name":"Chief Scientist Office","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SPHSU15"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SPHSU15"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000589","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003921","name":"Department of Health, Australian Government","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003921","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000265","name":"Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MC_UU_12017\/13"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MC_UU_12017\/13"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000265","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000265","name":"Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MC_UU_12017\/15"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MC_UU_12017\/15"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000265","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["GNT1041742"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GNT1041742"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["GNT1091878"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GNT1091878"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["GNT1135991"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GNT1135991"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["GNT1140938"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GNT1140938"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000272","name":"National Institute for Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CDF\u20102016\u201009\u2010014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CDF\u20102016\u201009\u2010014"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000272","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000272","name":"National Institute for Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DRF\u20102018\u201011\u2010ST2\u2010016"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DRF\u20102018\u201011\u2010ST2\u2010016"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000272","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000026","name":"National Institute on Drug Abuse","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DA037820"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DA037820"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000026","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000026","name":"National Institute on Drug Abuse","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01DA1104470"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01DA1104470"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000026","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004440","name":"Wellcome Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["109823\/Z\/15\/Z"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["109823\/Z\/15\/Z"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004440","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Addiction"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To summarize evidence on the frequency and predictors of health\u2010care utilization among people who use illicit drugs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Systematic search of MEDLINE, EMBASE and PsychINFO for observational studies reporting health\u2010care utilization published between 1 January 2000 and 3 December 2018. We conducted narrative synthesis and meta\u2010analysis following a registered protocol (identifier: CRD42017076525).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting and participants<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>People who use heroin, powder cocaine, crack cocaine, methamphetamine, amphetamine, ecstasy\/3,4\u2010methyl\u200benedioxy\u200bmethamphetamine (MDMA), cannabis, hallucinogens or novel psychoactive substances; have a diagnosis of \u2018substance use disorder\u2019; or use drug treatment services.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Measurements<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Primary outcomes were the cumulative incidence (risk) and rate of care episodes in three settings: primary care, hospital admissions (in\u2010patient) and emergency department (ED).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Findings<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Ninety\u2010two studies were included, 84% from North America and Australia. Most studies focused on people using heroin, methamphetamine or crack cocaine, or who had a diagnosis of drug dependence. We were able to conduct a meta\u2010analysis of rates across 25 studies reporting ED episodes and 25 reporting hospital admissions, finding pooled rates of 151 [95% confidence interval (CI)\u00a0=\u00a0114\u2013201] and 41 (95% CI\u00a0=\u00a030\u201357) per 100 person\u2010years, respectively; on average 4.8 and 7.1 times more often than the general population. Heterogeneity was very high and was not explained by drugs used, country of study, recruitment setting or demographic characteristics. Predictors of health\u2010care utilization were consistent across studies and included unstable housing, drug injection and mental health problems. Opioid substitution therapy was consistently associated with reduced ED presentation and hospital admission. There was minimal research on health\u2010care utilization by people using ecstasy\/MDMA, powder cocaine, hallucinogens or novel psychoactive substances.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>People who use illicit drugs are admitted to emergency department or hospital several times more often than the general population.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/add.14892","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,9]],"date-time":"2019-11-09T10:33:16Z","timestamp":1573295596000},"page":"1011-1023","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":161,"title":["Frequency of health\u2010care utilization by adults who use illicit drugs: a systematic review and meta\u2010analysis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"115","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3698-7196","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dan","family":"Lewer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"UCL Collaborative Centre for Inclusion Health Institute of Epidemiology and Health Care UCL  London UK"},{"name":"National Addictions Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph","family":"Freer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Primary Care and Public Health Queen Mary University of London  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emma","family":"King","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UCL Collaborative Centre for Inclusion Health Institute of Epidemiology and Health Care UCL  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Larney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre (NDARC) University of New South Wales  Randwick, NSW Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8513-2218","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Louisa","family":"Degenhardt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre (NDARC) University of New South Wales  Randwick, NSW Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6659-812X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emily J.","family":"Tweed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MRC\/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit University of Glasgow  Glasgow UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5712-5734","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vivian D.","family":"Hope","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Public Health Institute Liverpool John Moores University  Liverpool UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8718-8226","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Magdalena","family":"Harris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health, Environments and Society London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine  , London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tim","family":"Millar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Mental Health and Safety The University of Manchester  Manchester UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Hayward","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UCL Collaborative Centre for Inclusion Health Institute of Epidemiology and Health Care UCL  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dan","family":"Ciccarone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family and Community Medicine University of California  San Francisco CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2725-5535","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katherine I.","family":"Morley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Addictions Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London  London UK"},{"name":"Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Global and Population Health The University of Melbourne  Melbourne Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2471\/BLT.12.108282"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)31869-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2019.06.027"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/add.12337"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2010.03140.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S147474641100025X"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3310\/hta13060"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1402309"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2013.02.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2524.2007.00739.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2018.06.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2014.01.025"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2014.05.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/emj.2004.022665"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/emermed-2015-205554"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mem.2003.68"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MEJ.0b013e328335623d"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.g7647"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","unstructured":"WellsG SheaB O'ConnellD PetersonJ. WelchV. LososM.et al.The Newcastle\u2013Ottawa Scale (NOS) for assessing the quality of nonrandomised studies in meta\u2010analyses. Available at:https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190609041323\/http:\/\/www.ohri.ca\/programs\/clinical_epidemiology\/oxford.asp(accessed 18 January 2018)."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13643-016-0384-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey: 2015 Emergency Department Summary Tables.2015. Available at:https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190422173149\/https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/nchs\/data\/nhamcs\/web_tables\/2015_ed_web_tables.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","unstructured":"Australian Institute of Health and Welfare.Emergency department care 2016\u201317: Australian hospital statistics.2017. Available at:https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190329121754\/https:\/\/www.aihw.gov.au\/reports\/hospitals\/ahs\u20102016\u201017\u2010emergency\u2010department\u2010care\/data(accessed 12 December 2018)."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","unstructured":"NHS Digital.Hospital Accident and Emergency Activity 2017\u201318.2018. Available at:https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190426044531\/https:\/\/digital.nhs.uk\/data\u2010and\u2010information\/publications\/statistical\/hospital\u2010accident\u2010\u2010emergency\u2010activity\/2017\u201018(accessed 12 December 2018)."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v036.i03."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2013.06.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2011.05.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3111\/13696998.2014.925463"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ps.201300474"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2011.04.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2017.04.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12954-017-0143-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08897077.2017.1356789"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2015.01.042"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00952990.2017.1318891"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2016.01.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/377558"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0706743716664884"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2014.12.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_40_1","first-page":"5","article-title":"Health status of users of the Bologna local health authority drug addiction treatment services: a study of hospital admissions in the period 2004\u20132013","volume":"23","author":"Pavarin R. M.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Infez Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2014.01.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2016.07.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-8-43"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00952990.2017.1339056"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-016-0956-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2296-10-25"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1081\/ADA-120006738"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_48_1","unstructured":"KellyE McKetinR McLarenJ.Health service utilization among regular methamphetamine users. Sydney: National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre;2005. Available at:https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20190410220251\/https:\/\/ndarc.med.unsw.edu.au\/resource\/health\u2010service\u2010utilization\u2010among\u2010regular\u2010methamphetamine\u2010users(accessed 9 November 2018)."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jvh.12393"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1360-0443.2003.00430.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ADT.0000000000000069"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1477-7517-10-11"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dar.12266"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2010.04.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2011.09.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08897070309511531"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_57_1","first-page":"415","article-title":"Hospital utilization and costs in a cohort of injection drug users","volume":"165","author":"Palepu A.","year":"2001","journal-title":"Can Med Assoc J"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0376-8716(02)00344-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.65.3.337"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/pubmed\/fdh189"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1300\/J069v22n02_01"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1747-597X-9-16"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2017.03.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0376-8716(00)00228-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00952990500328737"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dar.12257"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2012.08.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2296-10-42"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12955-017-0633-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471\u20102458\u20108\u2010405."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_71_1","first-page":"S60","article-title":"Predictors of hospitalization for HIV\u2010positive women and men drug users, 1996\u20132000","volume":"117","author":"Shoenbaum E. E.","year":"2002","journal-title":"Public Health Rep"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1300\/J069v27n02_05"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/16066359.2012.690052"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.285.18.2355"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00126334-200311010-00012"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6963-14-308"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_77_1","first-page":"S235","article-title":"Cost and utilization outcomes of opioid\u2010dependence treatments","volume":"17","author":"Baser O.","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Manag Care"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/add.13270"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2012.03.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1940-0640-9-16"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2016.05.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2017.12.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1060028017751913"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_84_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ADM.0b013e3182584772"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_85_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2016-014854"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_86_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/emermed-2012-201170"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_87_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.107.045732"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_88_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.159.9.1584"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_89_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1475-6773.2004.00244.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_90_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268810000324"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_91_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13696998.2018.1427101"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_92_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2006.07.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_93_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ps.201700363"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_94_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2288-6-35"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_95_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1477-7517-10-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_96_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.j1550"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_97_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ADM.0000000000000034"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_98_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jir196"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_99_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archsurg.137.11.1217"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_100_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02673037.2015.1080816"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_101_1","article-title":"Case management for persons with substance use disorders","volume":"4","author":"Hesse M.","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_102_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/emj.2009.088344"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_103_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-018-3756-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_104_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2017.05.051"}],"container-title":["Addiction"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fadd.14892","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/add.14892","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/add.14892","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/add.14892","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,6]],"date-time":"2023-09-06T09:26:59Z","timestamp":1693992419000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/add.14892"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,10]]},"references-count":103,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/add.14892"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/add.14892","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0965-2140","1360-0443"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0965-2140","type":"print"},{"value":"1360-0443","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2019-02-05","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2019-11-04","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-02-10","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}