{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T16:57:18Z","timestamp":1790269038934,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,22]],"date-time":"2020-01-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1579651200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000196","name":"Canada Foundation for Innovation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000196","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000038","name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000038","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Addiction"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Immersion during slot machine gambling has been linked to disordered gambling. Current conceptualizations of immersion (namely dissociation, flow and the machine zone) make contrasting predictions as to whether gamblers are captivated by the game\n                      <jats:italic>per se<\/jats:italic>\n                      (\u2018zoned in\u2019) or motivated by the escape that immersion provides (\u2018zoned out\u2019). We examined whether selected eye\u2010movement metrics can distinguish between these predictions.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design and Setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Pre\u2010registered, correlational analysis in a laboratory setting. Participants gambled on a genuine slot machine for 20\u00a0minutes while wearing eye\u2010tracking glasses.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Fifty\u2010three adult slot machine gamblers who were not high\u2010risk problem gamblers.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Measurements<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We examined self\u2010reported immersion during the gambling session and eye movements at different areas of the slot machine screen (the reels, the credit window, etc.). We further explored these variables\u2019 relationships with saccade count and amplitude.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Findings<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The ratio of dwell time on the game's credit window relative to the game's reels was positively associated with immersion (\n                      <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>(51)<\/jats:sub>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a01.68,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.049 one\u2010tailed,\n                      <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.05). Follow\u2010up analyses described event\u2010related changes in these patterns following different spin outcomes.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Immersion while gambling on a slot machine appears to be associated with active scanning of the game and a focus on the game's credit window. These results are more consistent with a \u2018zoned in\u2019 account of immersion aligned with flow theory than a \u2018zoned out\u2019 account based on escape.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/add.14899","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,20]],"date-time":"2019-11-20T04:40:50Z","timestamp":1574224850000},"page":"1127-1138","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Zoned in or zoned out? Investigating immersion in slot machine gambling using mobile eye\u2010tracking"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"115","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2780-3578","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"W. Spencer","family":"Murch","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Gambling Research at UBC, Department of Psychology University of British Columbia  Vancouver BC Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5400-8030","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eve H.","family":"Limbrick\u2010Oldfield","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Gambling Research at UBC, Department of Psychology University of British Columbia  Vancouver BC Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mario A.","family":"Ferrari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Gambling Research at UBC, Department of Psychology University of British Columbia  Vancouver BC Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kent I.","family":"MacDonald","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Gambling Research at UBC, Department of Psychology University of British Columbia  Vancouver BC Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jolande","family":"Fooken","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Visual Performance and Oculomotor Mobility Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences University of British Columbia  Vancouver BC Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mariya V.","family":"Cherkasova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pacific Parkinson's Research Centre, Department of Medicine University of British Columbia  Vancouver BC Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miriam","family":"Spering","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Visual Performance and Oculomotor Mobility Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences University of British Columbia  Vancouver BC Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1103-2422","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luke","family":"Clark","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Gambling Research at UBC, Department of Psychology University of British Columbia  Vancouver BC Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-017-9088-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10899-014-9510-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1023062912062"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/h0087128"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10899-017-9695-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/cyber.2009.0223"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/adb0000251"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005053-199701000-00011"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10899-006-9017-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10899-009-9136-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","volume-title":"Gambling Prevalence in South Australia","author":"Office for Problem Gambling","year":"2006"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40429-019-0238-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1023046509031"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01018332"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01019931"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01043526"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11469\u2010018\u20109976\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","first-page":"456","volume-title":"Addiction by Design","author":"Schull N. 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