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We assessed the association between mortality following detox and receipt of medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD) and residential treatment after detox.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cohort study generated from individually linked public health data sets.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title><jats:p>Massachusetts, USA.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 30\u2009681 opioid detox patients with 61\u2009819 detox episodes between 2012 and 2014.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Measurements<\/jats:title><jats:p>Treatment categories included no post\u2010detox treatment, MOUD, residential treatment or both MOUD and residential treatment identified at monthly intervals. We classified treatment exposures in two ways: (a) \u2018on\u2010treatment\u2019 included any month where a treatment was received and (b) \u2018with\u2010discontinuation\u2019 individuals were considered exposed through the month following treatment discontinuation. We conducted multivariable Cox proportional hazards analyses and extended Kaplan\u2013Meier estimator cumulative incidence for all\u2010cause and opioid\u2010related mortality for the treatment categories as monthly time\u2010varying exposure variables.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Findings<\/jats:title><jats:p>Twelve months after detox, 41% received MOUD for a median of 3\u00a0months, 35% received residential treatment for a median of 2\u00a0months and 13% received both for a median of 5\u00a0months. In on\u2010treatment analyses for all\u2010cause mortality compared with no treatment, adjusted hazard ratios (AHR) were 0.34 [95% confidence interval (CI)\u00a0=\u00a00.27\u20130.43] for MOUD, 0.63 (95% CI\u00a0=\u00a00.47\u20130.84) for residential treatment and 0.11 (95% CI\u00a0=\u00a00.03\u20130.43) for both. In with\u2010discontinuation analyses for all\u2010cause mortality, compared with no treatment, AHRs were 0.52 (95% CI\u00a0= 0.42\u20130.63) for MOUD, 0.76 (95% CI\u00a0=\u00a00.59\u20130.96) for residential treatment and 0.21 (95% CI\u00a0=\u00a00.08\u20130.55) for both. Results were similar for opioid\u2010related overdose mortality.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Among people who have undergone medically managed opioid withdrawal, receipt of medications for opioid use disorder, residential treatment or the combination of medications for opioid use disorder and residential treatment were associated with substantially reduced mortality compared with no treatment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/add.14964","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,25]],"date-time":"2020-02-25T16:23:42Z","timestamp":1582647822000},"page":"1496-1508","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":49,"title":["Association between mortality rates and medication and residential treatment after in\u2010patient medically managed opioid withdrawal: a cohort analysis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"115","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8158-4882","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexander Y.","family":"Walley","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Boston University School of Medicine\u2010Boston Medical Center  Boston MA USA"},{"name":"Massachusetts Department of Public Health  Boston MA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Lodi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Boston University School of Public Health  Boston MA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yijing","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Boston University School of Medicine\u2010Boston Medical Center  Boston MA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dana","family":"Bernson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Massachusetts Department of Public Health  Boston MA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hermik","family":"Babakhanlou\u2010Chase","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Massachusetts Department of Public Health  Boston MA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Land","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Massachusetts Medical School  Worcester MA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marc R.","family":"Larochelle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Boston University School of Medicine\u2010Boston Medical Center  Boston MA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","first-page":"1419","article-title":"Drug and opioid\u2010involved overdose deaths\u2014United States, 2013\u20132017","volume":"67","author":"Scholl L.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ADM.0000000000000312"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2010.03140.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/add.12863"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","unstructured":"Mee\u2010LeeD. 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