{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T19:54:14Z","timestamp":1780084454140,"version":"3.54.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,13]],"date-time":"2020-02-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1581552000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Addiction"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background and aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>A previous randomized controlled trial demonstrated that telephone\u2010 and letter\u2010based motivational interventions with high\u2010expenditure gamblers had significant short\u2010term positive effects on gambling and use of responsible gambling tools. This post\u2010trial follow\u2010up examined outcomes in gambling expenditure over 12\u00a0months.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Observational study following a three\u2010arm randomized controlled trial.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title><jats:p>Customers of Norsk Tipping (NT) gambling platforms, Norway.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 1003 statistical triplets from the top 0.5% of customers based upon annual expenditure, matched on sex, age and net losses. Mean age was 53.4\u00a0years; 19% were women, mean yearly loss for 2016 was 88\u2009197\u00a0NoK.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Interventions and comparator<\/jats:p><jats:p>Feedback intervention by telephone, letter or a no\u2010contact control condition.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Measurements<\/jats:title><jats:p>Primary outcome measure was gambling theoretical loss, derived from the NT customer database. Secondary outcomes were responsible gambling customer actions and whether or not the participant was retained as an NT customer.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Findings<\/jats:title><jats:p>Per\u2010protocol analyses of triplets who received the telephone call or letter as randomly assigned (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0596) showed a positive and sustained effect over 12\u00a0months: the telephone group showed a 30% reduction in theoretical loss (<jats:italic>d<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.44) and the letter group 13% (<jats:italic>d<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.18), both outperforming the control group with a 7% reduction (<jats:italic>d<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.11). The telephone condition was superior to both the letter and control conditions in per\u2010protocol (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001) and to control condition in intention\u2010to\u2010treat analyses (ITT) (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001). Individuals in the telephone condition took more responsible gambling actions. The letter condition had better outcomes than the control in the ITT\u2010only analysis (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001). More than 93% were still customers a year after the intervention.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Personal contact with high\u2010expenditure gambling customers in Norway that provided individualized feedback on expenditures was associated with reduced theoretical losses and greater use of responsible gambling tools over a 12\u2010month period, compared with no contact. Telephone intervention with customers had a larger impact than a mailed letter.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/add.14982","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,24]],"date-time":"2020-01-24T17:45:52Z","timestamp":1579887952000},"page":"1522-1531","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Reaching out to big losers leads to sustained reductions in gambling over 1\u00a0year: a randomized controlled trial of brief motivational contact"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"115","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3908-5841","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jakob","family":"Jonsson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology Stockholm University  Stockholm Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2737-5200","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David C.","family":"Hodgins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, University of Calgary  Calgary Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2765-9334","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ingrid","family":"Munck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Education and Special Education University of Gothenburg  Gothenburg Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2172-8813","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Per","family":"Carlbring","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology Stockholm University  Stockholm Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1556\/2006.5.2016.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","unstructured":"NealP. N. DelfabbroP. H. O'NeilM. G.Problem gambling and harm: towards a national definition. State of Victoria Australia.2005. Available at:https:\/\/www.gamblingresearch.org.au\/publications\/problem-gambling-and-harm-towards-national-definition(accessed 13 January 2020)."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","unstructured":"WilliamsR. J. VolbergR. A. StevensR. M.The population prevalence of problem gambling: methodological influences standardized rates jurisdictional differences and worldwide trends.2012. Available at:http:\/\/hdl.handle.net\/10133\/3068. Accessed January 13 2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","volume-title":"Omfang av penge\u2010 og dataspillproblemer i Norge 2015 [Prevalence of Gambling and Video Game Problems in Norway in 2015]","author":"Pallesen S.","year":"2016"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11469-017-9746-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0002764207304856"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/16066359.2012.680079"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/B:JOGS.0000040281.49444.e2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5750\/jgbe.v2i1.527"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10899-010-9214-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/glre.2015.1985"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.invent.2017.03.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2012.08.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.abrep.2019.100161"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/heapro\/dah201"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2018.11.048"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/16066359.2017.1310204"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/adb0000447"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.clinpsy.1.102803.143833"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2014.12.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/glre.2012.1655"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","volume-title":"Effectiveness of problem gambling brief telephone interventions: a randomised controlled trial","author":"Abbott M.","year":"2012"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/add.14149"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/add.13909"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","unstructured":"WilliamsR. J. WestB. L. SimpsonR. I.Prevention of Problem Gambling: A Comprehensive Review of the Evidence and Identified Best Practices. Guelph ON Canada: Ontario Problem Gambling Research Centre and the Ontario Ministry of Health and Long Term Care: 2012.http:\/\/hdl.handle.net\/10133\/3121(accessed 13 January 2020)."}],"container-title":["Addiction"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fadd.14982","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/add.14982","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/add.14982","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/add.14982","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,6]],"date-time":"2023-09-06T06:28:34Z","timestamp":1693981714000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/add.14982"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,13]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/add.14982"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/add.14982","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0965-2140","1360-0443"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0965-2140","type":"print"},{"value":"1360-0443","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,13]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2019-06-23","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-01-21","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-02-13","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}