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Alcohol is associated with a range of effects on the central nervous system at different doses and acts on a number of receptors. Acute disorders include Wernicke's encephalopathy (WE), traumatic brain injury, blackouts, seizures, stroke and hepatic encephalopathy. The most common manifestations of chronic alcohol consumption are Korsakoff's syndrome (KS) and alcohol\u2010related dementia (ARD). There is limited evidence for benefit from memantine in the treatment of ARD, but stronger evidence for the use of high\u2010dose parenteral thiamine in the progression of neuropsychiatric symptoms for WE.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Accumulating evidence exists for pharmacological treatment in the prevention of hepatic encephalopathy. Rehabilitation of people with ARD may take several years, and requires an approach that addresses physical and psychosocial factors.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/add.15023","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,28]],"date-time":"2020-02-28T20:04:41Z","timestamp":1582920281000},"page":"1580-1589","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":81,"title":["Alcohol use disorders and the brain"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"115","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0262-5122","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rahul","family":"Rao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Department of Old Age Psychiatry  London UK"},{"name":"South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, Psychological Medicine and Older Adults Directorate  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anya","family":"Topiwala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Oxford, Big Data Institute, Nuffield Department of Population Health"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","unstructured":"Office of National Statistics (ONS).Statistics on Alcohol England. 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