{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T18:48:09Z","timestamp":1792176489900,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":199,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,3]],"date-time":"2020-06-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1591142400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Addiction"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>To review the impact of prenatal alcohol exposure on the outcomes of the mother and child.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Narrative review.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title><jats:p>Review of literature.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title><jats:p>Mothers and infants affected by prenatal alcohol use.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Measurements<\/jats:title><jats:p>Outcomes of mothers and children.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Findings<\/jats:title><jats:p>Prenatal alcohol exposure is one of the most important causes of preventable cognitive impairment in the world. The developing neurological system is exquisitely sensitive to harm from alcohol and there is now also substantial evidence that alcohol\u2010related harm can extend beyond the individual person, leading to epigenetic changes and intergenerational vulnerability and disadvantage. There is no known safe level or timing of drinking for pregnant or lactating women and binge drinking (&gt; four drinks within 2 hours for women) is the most harmful. Alcohol\u2010exposure increases the risk of congenital problems, including Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD) and its most severe form, Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The impact of FASD and FAS is enduring and life\u2010long with no current treatment or cure. Emerging therapeutic options may mitigate the worst impact of alcohol exposure but significant knowledge gaps remain. This review discusses the history, epidemiology and clinical presentations of prenatal alcohol exposure, focusing on FASD and FAS, and the impact of evidence on future research, practice and policy directions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/add.15036","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,9]],"date-time":"2020-03-09T11:10:59Z","timestamp":1583752259000},"page":"2148-2163","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":92,"title":["Alcohol use in pregnancy and its impact on the mother and child"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"115","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7799-3771","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ju Lee","family":"Oei","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Women's and Children's Health University of New South Wales Randwick NSW Australia"},{"name":"Department of Newborn Care, the Royal Hospital for Women Randwick NSW Australia"},{"name":"Drug and Alcohol Services, Murrumbidgee Local Health District NSW Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_4_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1404167111"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_3_1","unstructured":"CurryA.Our 9 000 year love affair with booze. National Geographic. Feb2017. Available from:https:\/\/www.nationalgeographic.com\/magazine\/2017\/02\/alcohol\u2010discovery\u2010addiction\u2010booze\u2010human\u2010culture\/Accessed 24 Dec 2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_4_1","unstructured":"Encyclopaedia Britannica.Corn Law. Available from:https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/event\/Corn\u2010Law\u2010British\u2010history. Accessed 24 Dec 2019."},{"key":"e_1_2_4_5_1","unstructured":"Alcohol in the Bible.Wikepedia. Available from:https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Alcohol_in_the_Bible#Drunkenness. Accessed 24 Dec2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_6_1","unstructured":"Islamic Dietary Laws.Wikepedia. Available from:https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Islamic_dietary_laws. Accessed 24 Dec2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_7_1","unstructured":"Women in Brewing.Wikepedia. Available from:https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Women_in_brewing. Accessed 24 Dec2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_8_1","unstructured":"History of Beer.Wikepedia. Available from:https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/History_of_beer. Accessed 24 Dec2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_9_1","unstructured":"Gin Craze.Wikepedia. Available from:https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gin_Craze. Accessed 24 Dec2019."},{"key":"e_1_2_4_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2017.2161"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2015.08.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10826080801914212"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1071\/SH18194"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_14_1","unstructured":"World Health Organisation (WHO):Global status report on alcohol and health 2011. ISBN 978 92 4 156415 1"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph16010056"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/088610999701200407"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.13965"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MCG.0000000000001202"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/alcalc\/agz050"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000490046"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/alcalc\/agz063"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(17)30021-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2017.01.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_24_1","unstructured":"Center for Disease Control and Prevention.Alcohol and Public Health. Available from:https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/alcohol\/. Accessed 20 Dec2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_25_1","first-page":"9","article-title":"Vital Signs: Binge Drinking Among Women and High School Girls \u2014 United States, 2011","volume":"62","author":"Center for Disease Control and Prevention","year":"2013","journal-title":"Morbidity & Mortality Weekly Report"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2017.09.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.13305"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dar.12473"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006254-198702000-00001"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_30_1","first-page":"273","article-title":"Partial reversal of ethanol\u2010induced male reproductive pathology following abstinence","volume":"20","author":"Anderson R. A.","year":"1985","journal-title":"Alcohol Alcohol"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0091-3057(83)90193-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a112611"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/aja.2012.118"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.alcalc.a008245"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.i4262"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dez050"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-14261-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.12983"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10654-017-0323-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jech-2012-202303"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2019.02.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10995\u2010012\u20101048\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2008.02058.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.15899"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2019.02.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.1999.tb04075.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14767050701298365"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jand.2014.07.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114509317432"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2007.08.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1097\/MED.0000000000000305","article-title":"Maternal epigenetics and fetal and neonatal growth","volume":"24","author":"Kitsiou\u2010Tzeli S.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4178\/epih.e2019036"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12978\u2010018\u20100467\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_54_1","first-page":"143","article-title":"Alcohol Consumption during Pregnancy and Postpartum Period and its Predictors in Sindhupalchowk District, Nepal","volume":"14","author":"Aryal K. K.","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Nepal Health Res Counc"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.alcohol.2006.02.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_56_1","unstructured":"Centre for Disease Control and Prevention.Alcohol. Available from:https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/breastfeeding\/breastfeeding\u2010special\u2010circumstances\/vaccinations\u2010medications\u2010drugs\/alcohol.html. Accessed 21 Dec2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10995-017-2318-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/JPN.0b013e3181ec0c60"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1071\/PY18103"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2017-4266"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.101.5.e2"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.1997.tb03806.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(77)80387-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_64_1","first-page":"485","article-title":"Symptoms of neonatal ethanol withdrawal","volume":"8","author":"Robe L. B.","year":"1981","journal-title":"Curr Alcohol"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_65_1","first-page":"163","article-title":"Transplacental alcohol intoxication","volume":"21","author":"Beattie J. O.","year":"1986","journal-title":"Alcohol Alcohol"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(84)80027-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.1985.tb05582.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(73)91092-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_69_1","unstructured":"HaggardHW JellinekEM.Alcohol explored. Garden City NY 1924."},{"key":"e_1_2_4_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40817-017-0029-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.a.37392"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/tropej\/fmr015"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2019.01.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2017.1919"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/add.14598"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jpc.12814"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_77_1","first-page":"203","article-title":"Clinical profile and prevalence of fetal alcohol syndrome in an isolated community in British Columbia","volume":"137","author":"Robinson G. C.","year":"1987","journal-title":"CMAJ"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2013-0066"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-018-6292-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ps.201400162"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1139\/bcb-2017-0014"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10578-015-0566-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.2010.01266.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_84_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11065-011-9168-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_85_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2007.06.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_86_1","first-page":"5","article-title":"Clinical recognition of FAS: difficulties of detection and diagnosis","volume":"18","author":"Aase J. M.","year":"1994","journal-title":"Alcohol Health Res World"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_87_1","unstructured":"BowerC ElliottE.Australian guide to the diagnosis of fetal alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD)Available from:https:\/\/www.fasdhub.org.au\/siteassets\/pdfs\/australian\u2010guide\u2010to\u2010diagnosis\u2010of\u2010fasd_all\u2010appendices.pdf. Accessed 21 Dec2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_88_1","unstructured":"American Academy of Pediatrics.Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASDs) Patient Checklist for Pediatric Medical Home Providers. Available from:https:\/\/www.aap.org\/en\u2010us\/advocacy\u2010and\u2010policy\/aap\u2010health\u2010initiatives\/fetal\u2010alcohol\u2010spectrum\u2010disorders\u2010toolkit\/Documents\/Provider_Checklist.pdf. Accessed 21 Dec2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_89_1","unstructured":"National Organization on Fetal Alcohol Syndrome.Identifying Individuals with Prenatal Alcohol Exposure. Available from:https:\/\/www.nofas.org\/recognizing\u2010fasd\/. Accessed 21 Dec2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_90_1","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.Fetal Alcohol Syndrome: Guidelines for Referral and Diagnosis. May2005. Available from:https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/ncbddd\/fasd\/documents\/FAS_guidelines_accessible\u2010P.pdf. Accessed 21 Dec 2019."},{"key":"e_1_2_4_91_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2016-0775"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_92_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2006.11.044"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_93_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2015.02.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_94_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1933719117734317"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_95_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000319706"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_96_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.1999.tb04195.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_97_1","first-page":"1079","volume-title":"William's Textbook of Endocrinology","author":"Underwood L. E.","year":"1992"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_98_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00381-016-3309-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_99_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.23699"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_100_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2014.09.026"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_101_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1570159X15666170825101308"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_102_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4161\/auto.21376"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_103_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmg.2016.09.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_104_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dmcn.13071"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_105_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jnen\/nlx064"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_106_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12887-017-0945-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_107_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1440-1630.12326"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_108_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2016.05.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_109_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jpc.13240"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_110_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.13450"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_111_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8749.2011.04201.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_112_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/alcalc\/agq063"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_113_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21307\/ane-2019-012"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_114_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1139\/apnm-2018-0580"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_115_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2008.01990.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_116_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17518423.2018.1519608"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_117_1","first-page":"189","article-title":"Maternal prenatal substance use and behavior problems among children in the U.S","volume":"10","author":"Sen B.","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Ment Health Policy Econ"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_118_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00406-018-0946-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_119_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-018-3626-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_120_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dmcn.12029"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_121_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.108.2.e34"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_122_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1139\/bcb-2017-0206"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_123_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1071-9091(98)80019-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_124_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2017.04.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_125_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0049407"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_126_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.13366"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_127_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11682\u2010017\u20109739\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_128_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.alcohol.2017.05.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_129_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhv131"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_130_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2015.05.037"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_131_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2012-3002"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_132_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/eb-2013-101535"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_133_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2016.06.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_134_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.2038"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_135_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cns.12756"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_136_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwn334"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_137_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bdr2.1465"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_138_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.2009.01132.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_139_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1418.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_140_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2019.01.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_141_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0150370"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_142_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.2012.01811.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_143_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.2008.00750.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_144_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.2009.01097.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_145_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/WNR.0b013e32833b5047"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_146_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2010.12.025"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_147_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.alcohol.2005.07.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_148_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jnen\/nlx064"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_149_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2008-1059578"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_150_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.1995.tb01600.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_151_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000120229"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_152_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnana.2017.00132"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_153_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.95.1.66"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_154_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2017.05.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_155_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40474-014-0020-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_156_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2010-3999"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_157_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph16091586"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_158_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(75)90726-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_159_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/expphysiol.2007.038091"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_160_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.alcohol.2010.04.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_161_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/CS20050163"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_162_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.vh.2016.10.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_163_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2011.07.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_164_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cdev.12572"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_165_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2007.07.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_166_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2005.08.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_167_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035\u2010019\u201001728\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_168_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2217\/epi-2018-0221"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_169_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.alcohol.2016.11.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_170_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnbeh.2018.00125"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_171_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fgene.2014.00154"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_172_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2012.04.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_173_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/03602532.2019.1671859"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_174_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.alcohol.2010.07.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_175_1","first-page":"223","article-title":"Quantitation of Ethyl\u2010\u03b2\u2010D\u2010Glucuronide in Human Umbilical Cord Tissue by Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC\u2010MS\/MS)","volume":"2019","author":"Wabuyele S. L.","year":"1872","journal-title":"Methods Mol Biol"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_176_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ftd.0000179420.48208.d2"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_177_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.22374\/1710-6222.26.1.4"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_178_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.13817"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_179_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.alcohol.2019.05.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_180_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nlm.2019.107030"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_181_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.13769"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_182_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.20-02-00813.2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_183_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2018.01.031"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_184_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.116.142075"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_185_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40474-015-0053-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_186_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2006.11.044"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_187_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1049732319882910"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_188_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph16010016"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_189_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2019-032407"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_190_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2014-1915"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_191_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/002221949703000612"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_192_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3894-16.2017"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_193_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2018.07.030"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_194_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2018.07.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_195_1","first-page":"e53","article-title":"Life expectancy of people with fetal alcohol syndrome","volume":"23","author":"Thanh N. X.","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Popul Ther Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_196_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bdra.20445"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_197_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10995-011-0844-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_198_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ADM.0000000000000438"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_199_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/add.14841"},{"key":"e_1_2_4_200_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2016-015410"}],"container-title":["Addiction"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fadd.15036","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/add.15036","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/add.15036","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/add.15036","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,28]],"date-time":"2023-09-28T10:11:23Z","timestamp":1695895883000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/add.15036"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,3]]},"references-count":199,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/add.15036"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/add.15036","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0965-2140","1360-0443"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0965-2140","type":"print"},{"value":"1360-0443","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2019-12-23","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-03-05","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-06-03","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}