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However, despite substantial research efforts, no pharmacotherapies are approved for the treatment of cocaine use disorder (CUD).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Argument<\/jats:title><jats:p>Studies have identified positive signals for a range of medications for treating CUD. These include long\u2010acting amphetamine formulations, modafinil, topiramate, doxazosin and combined topiramate and mixed amphetamine salts extended\u2010release (MAS\u2010ER). However, valid conclusions about a medication's clinical efficacy require nuanced approaches that take into account behavioural phenotypes of the target population (frequency of use, co\u2010abuse of cocaine and other substances, genetic subgroups, psychiatric comorbidity), variables related to the medication (dose, short\u2010\/long\u2010acting formulations, titration speed, medication adherence) and other factors that may affect treatment outcomes. Meta\u2010analyses frequently do not account for these co\u2010varying factors, which contributes to a somewhat nihilistic view on pharmacotherapeutic options for CUD. In addition, the predominant focus on abstinence, which is difficult for most patients to achieve, may overshadow more nuanced therapeutic signals.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>While there is an emphasis on finding new medications with novel mechanisms of action for treating CUD, currently available medications deserve further investigation based on the existing literature. Evaluating refined metrics of treatment success in well\u2010defined subgroups of patients, and further exploring combination therapies and their synergy with behavioural\/psychosocial interventions, are promising avenues to establishing effective therapies for CUD.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/add.15242","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,5]],"date-time":"2020-09-05T02:14:44Z","timestamp":1599272084000},"page":"694-710","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":83,"title":["Pharmacotherapeutic strategies for treating cocaine use disorder\u2014what do we have to offer?"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"116","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7551-221X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura","family":"Brandt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division on Substance Use Disorders, New York State Psychiatric Institute and Department of Psychiatry Columbia University Irving Medical Center  New York NY USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Chao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division on Substance Use Disorders, New York State Psychiatric Institute and Department of Psychiatry Columbia University Irving Medical Center  New York NY USA"},{"name":"Department of Psychology The New School for Social Research  New York NY USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sandra D.","family":"Comer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division on Substance Use Disorders, New York State Psychiatric Institute and Department of Psychiatry Columbia University Irving Medical Center  New York NY USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frances R.","family":"Levin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division on Substance Use Disorders, New York State Psychiatric Institute and Department of Psychiatry Columbia University Irving Medical Center  New York NY USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","unstructured":"United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime.World Drug Report 2019\u2014Executive Summary.2019. 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