{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,21]],"date-time":"2026-02-21T23:23:46Z","timestamp":1771716226030,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,6]],"date-time":"2020-10-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1601942400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008240","name":"Fonds de Recherche du Qu\u00e9bec-Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 et Culture","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2018\u2010BJ\u2010206884"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018\u2010BJ\u2010206884"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008240","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000155","name":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["430\u20102018\u20101114"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["430\u20102018\u20101114"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000155","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Addiction"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background and aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>Lottery gambling participation tends to be higher among lower socio\u2010economic status (SES) individuals, but it is unclear how this relationship differs as a function of lottery type. We estimated how the relationship between SES and lottery gambling rates varies across different types of lottery gambling: fixed\u2010prize, progressive\u2010prize (jackpot) and instant\u2010win (scratch card) lottery tickets in a large Canadian city.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Neighborhood\u2010level lottery purchase data obtained from the Ontario Lottery and Gaming Commission were analysed in conjunction with demographic data. Mixed\u2010effects regression was used to assess simultaneously how neighborhood\u2010level SES predicts per\u2010person lottery gambling rates across fixed\u2010prize, progressive\u2010prize lottery and instant\u2010win lotteries.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Setting and participants<\/jats:title><jats:p>Neighborhoods in Toronto, Ontario, Canada in the years 2012\u201315.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Measurements<\/jats:title><jats:p>Per\u2010capita sales in dollars (CAD) of fixed\u2010prize lottery, progressive\u2010prize lottery and instant\u2010win tickets in Toronto postal codes. SES was estimated as a composite of income, years of education and white\u2010collar employment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Findings<\/jats:title><jats:p>Lower\u2010SES neighborhoods engaged in higher rates of lottery gambling overall [<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0\u22120.084, standard error (SE)\u00a0=\u00a00.24, <jats:italic>P\u00a0=<\/jats:italic>\u00a00.0007]. The predictive effect of SES varied significantly by lottery type (fixed\u2010prize: <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0\u22120.105, SE\u00a0=\u00a00.004, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.0001, instant\u2010win: <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0\u22120.054, SE\u00a0=\u00a00.004, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.0001; relative to progressive\u2010prize). The predictive effect of SES was strongest for fixed\u2010prize lotteries and weakest for progressive\u2010prize lotteries, such that we did not observe a significant predictive effect of SES for progressive\u2010prize lotteries (<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0\u22120.031, SE\u00a0<jats:italic>=<\/jats:italic>\u00a00.024, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.198).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>People in lower socio\u2010economic status neighborhoods in Toronto, Canada appear to engage in more lottery gambling than those in higher socio\u2010economic status neighborhoods, with the difference being largest for fixed prize lotteries followed by instant win lotteries, and no clear difference for progressive prize lotteries.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/add.15252","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,25]],"date-time":"2020-09-25T15:37:14Z","timestamp":1601048234000},"page":"1256-1261","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Relationships between socio\u2010economic status and lottery gambling across lottery types: neighborhood\u2010level evidence from a large city"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"116","author":[{"given":"Hin\u2010Ngai","family":"Fu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology McGill University  Montr\u00e9al QC Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6063-6973","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eva","family":"Monson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Health Sciences Universit\u00e9 de Sherbrooke  Longueuil QC Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9997-1901","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"A. 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