{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T17:40:09Z","timestamp":1787593209020,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,22]],"date-time":"2021-01-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1611273600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,22]],"date-time":"2021-01-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1611273600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000274","name":"British Heart Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000274","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000289","name":"Cancer Research UK","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000289","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000688","name":"Department of Health, Social Services and Public Safety, UK Government","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000688","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Addiction"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In Great Britain, cannabis and tobacco are commonly used substances, both independently and together. Use of either substance is associated with mental health problems, but prevalence of co\u2010use within these populations is unknown. We aimed to (1) estimate prevalence of cannabis use, frequency of use and routes of administration (ROA) among tobacco smokers and non\u2010smokers and (2) investigate mental health problems among non\u2010users, tobacco\u2010only, cannabis\u2010only and co\u2010users of both substances.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cross\u2010sectional national on\u2010line survey (Action on Smoking and Health) fielded in February\u2013March 2020.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Great Britain.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Adults in Great Britain aged \u2265\u00a018\u00a0years (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a012\u2009809)\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Measurements<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Tobacco use status [smoker (daily or non\u2010daily) or non\u2010smoker (never or ex\u2010smoker)], cannabis use frequency (never to daily), detailed ROAs of cannabis, self\u2010reported treatment for mental health disorders (depression, anxiety and any). Statistically weighted prevalence estimates were computed to ensure representativeness. Correlates were assessed using \u03c7\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      tests and logistic regression.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Findings<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In Great Britain in 2020, 7.1% of the sample had used cannabis in the past year. Tobacco smokers had greater odds of using cannabis in the past year (21.9%) and using cannabis daily (8.7%) than non\u2010smokers [past\u2010year: 4.7%; adjusted odds ratio (aOR)\u00a0=\u00a010.07, 95% confidence interval (CI)\u00a0=\u00a08.4\u201312.0; daily: 0.7%; aOR\u00a0=\u00a024.6, 95% CI\u00a0=\u00a018.0\u201333.6)]. Co\u2010administration with tobacco was common (46.2% of non\u2010smokers, 80.8% of tobacco smokers). Co\u2010users reported the highest prevalence of any treatment for mental health problems (54.2%) in comparison to cannabis\u2010only (45.8%), tobacco\u2010only (33.2%) and non\u2010users (22.7%; all\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0\u2264\u00a00.05).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Approximately one in 13 adults in Great Britain reports having used cannabis in the past year, approximately four times as many among cigarette smokers as non\u2010smokers. Co\u2010administration of cannabis and tobacco, via smoking, appears to be common, including among self\u2010identified non\u2010smokers. Mental health problems appear to be particularly common among dual users.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/add.15381","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,21]],"date-time":"2020-12-21T04:16:26Z","timestamp":1608524186000},"page":"2209-2219","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":73,"title":["Cannabis use and co\u2010use in tobacco smokers and non\u2010smokers: prevalence and associations with mental health in a cross\u2010sectional, nationally representative sample of adults in Great Britain, 2020"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"116","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1692-7401","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chandni","family":"Hindocha","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Psychopharmacology Unit, Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology University College London  London UK"},{"name":"Translational Psychiatry Research Group, Research Department of Mental Health Neuroscience, Division of Psychiatry, Faculty of Brain Sciences University College London  London UK"},{"name":"University College Hospital National Institute of Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6503-6854","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leonie S.","family":"Brose","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Addictions Centre Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IOPPN), Kings\u2019 College London  London UK"},{"name":"SPECTRUM Consortium  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1638-1050","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hannah","family":"Walsh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Florence Nightingale Faculty of Nursing, Midwifery and Palliative Care Kings\u2019 College London  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hazel","family":"Cheeseman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Action on Smoking and Health (ASH)  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","unstructured":"United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC).World Drug Report 2019. 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