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We identified novel risk factors and interactions that predict suicide among men and women with SUD using machine learning.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Case\u2013cohort study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Denmark.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The sample was restricted to persons with their first SUD diagnosis during 1995 to 2015. Cases were persons who died by suicide in Denmark during 1995 to 2015 (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 2774) and the comparison subcohort was a 5% random sample of individuals in Denmark on 1 January 1995 (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 13 179).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Measurements<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Suicide death was recorded in the Danish Cause of Death Registry. Predictors included social and demographic information, mental and physical health diagnoses, surgeries, medications, and poisonings.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Findings<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Persons among the highest risk for suicide, as identified by the classification trees, were men prescribed antidepressants in the 4\u00a0years before suicide and had a poisoning diagnosis in the 4\u00a0years before suicide; and women who were 30+\u00a0years old and had a poisoning diagnosis 4\u00a0years before and 12\u00a0months before suicide. Among men with SUD, the random forest identified five variables that were most important in predicting suicide; reaction to severe stress and adjustment disorders, drugs used to treat addictive disorders, age 30+\u00a0years, antidepressant use, and poisoning in the 4 prior years. Among women with SUD, the random forest found that the most important predictors of suicide were prior poisonings and reaction to severe stress and adjustment disorders. Individuals in the top 5% of predicted risk accounted for 15% of all suicide deaths among men and 24% of all suicides among women.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In Denmark, prior poisoning and comorbid psychiatric disorders may be among the most important indicators of suicide risk among persons with substance use disorders, particularly among women.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/add.15455","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,23]],"date-time":"2021-02-23T09:16:27Z","timestamp":1614071787000},"page":"2882-2892","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Sex\u2010Specific Risk Profiles for Suicide Among Persons with Substance Use Disorders in Denmark"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"116","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4450-0712","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rachel Sayko","family":"Adams","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Behavioral Health Heller School for Social Policy and Management, Brandeis University  Waltham MA USA"},{"name":"Rocky Mountain Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center Veterans Health Administration  Aurora CO USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6887-5706","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tammy","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology Boston University School of Public Health  Boston MA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8385-8621","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anthony J.","family":"Rosellini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Anxiety and Related Disorders, Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences Boston University  Boston MA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3594-2212","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Erzs\u00e9bet","family":"Horv\u00e1th\u2010Puh\u00f3","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Epidemiology Aarhus University Hospital  Aarhus N Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4554-9075","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amy E.","family":"Street","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center for PTSD, VA Boston Healthcare System  Boston MA USA"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Boston University School of Medicine  Boston MA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5624-021X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katherine M.","family":"Keyes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health  New York NY USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8441-7046","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Magdalena","family":"Cerd\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Opioid Epidemiology and Policy, Department of Population Health NYU Grossman School of Medicine  New York NY USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5240-5195","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Timothy L.","family":"Lash","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University  Atlanta GA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4299-7040","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Henrik Toft","family":"S\u00f8rensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology Boston University School of Public Health  Boston MA USA"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Epidemiology Aarhus University Hospital  Aarhus N Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1459-5327","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jaimie L.","family":"Gradus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology Boston University School of Public Health  Boston MA USA"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Epidemiology Aarhus University Hospital  Aarhus N Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization.Suicide data [Internet]. 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