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The present secondary analyses were based on 597 participants who completed all assessments.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Measurements<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The outcome measure was the number of days of using opioids per month during the follow\u2010up period. The Mini\u2010International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) was used to classify participants into three groups: life\u2010time mood disorder (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a0302), life\u2010time mental disorder other than mood disorder (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a0114) and no mental disorder (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a0181). Medication treatment (BUP, MET, no treatment) during the follow\u2010up period was a time\u2010varying predictor.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Findings<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Based on zero\u2010inflated Poisson (ZIP) mixed regression analysis, it was found that relative to no treatment, opioid use during the follow\u2010up was significantly reduced by BUP [odds ratio (OR)\u00a0=\u00a00.12, 95% confidence interval (CI)\u00a0=\u00a00.07\u20130.21 for any use; risk ratio (RR)\u00a0=\u00a00.77, 95% CI\u00a0=0.66\u20130.89 for days of use] and by MET [OR\u00a0=\u00a00.33, 95% CI\u00a0=\u00a00.25\u20130.45 for any use; RR\u00a0=\u00a00.78, 95% CI\u00a0=\u00a00.72\u20130.84 for days of use]. Relative to MET, BUP was associated with a lower likelihood of any opioid use among participants with mood disorders (OR\u00a0=\u00a00.52, 95% CI\u00a0=\u00a00.36\u20130.74) and for participants without mental disorder (OR\u00a0= 0.37, 95% CI\u00a0=\u00a00.21\u20130.66) and fewer number of days using opioids (RR\u00a0=\u00a00.37, 95% CI\u00a0=\u00a00.25\u20130.56) among participants with other mental disorders.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Among adults with comorbid opioid use disorder and mental disorders, treatment with buprenorphine\u2013naloxone produced greater reductions in opioid use than treatment with methadone.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/add.15594","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,9]],"date-time":"2021-06-09T05:45:13Z","timestamp":1623217513000},"page":"151-161","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Long\u2010term follow\u2010up assessment of opioid use outcomes among individuals with comorbid mental disorders and opioid use disorder treated with buprenorphine or methadone in a randomized clinical trial"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"117","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5809-739X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yih\u2010Ing","family":"Hser","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences at the David Geffen School of Medicine University of California  Los Angeles USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuhui","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences at the David Geffen School of Medicine University of California  Los Angeles USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhe","family":"Fei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics University of California  Los Angeles USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Larissa J.","family":"Mooney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences at the David Geffen School of Medicine University of California  Los Angeles USA"},{"name":"Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System  Los Angeles CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3478-9957","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elizabeth A.","family":"Evans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Promotion and Policy University of Massachusetts Amherst  Amherst MA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annemarie","family":"Kelleghan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology University of Southern California  Los Angeles USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abigail","family":"Matthews","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emmes Corporation  Rockville MD USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caroline","family":"Yoo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Policy and Management at the Fielding School of Public Health University of California  Los Angeles CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3880-2589","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrew J.","family":"Saxon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences University of Washington School of Medicine  WA Seattle USA"},{"name":"Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System  Seattle WA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.v67n0211"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2012.06.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00002508-200207001-00003"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/10550490903205652"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.160.5.890"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","first-page":"126","article-title":"Does psychiatric comorbidity affect drug abuse treatment outcome? 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