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Groups were chosen based on previous work.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Measurements<\/jats:title><jats:p>The outcome was opioid overdose identified by International Classification of Diseases codes (ICDs) and the primary predictor was number of naloxone prescriptions identified by National Drug Codes (NDCs).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Findings<\/jats:title><jats:p>Opioid overdoses occurred among 0.16% of fracture patients (average follow\u2010up time to overdose [AFU]\u00a0=\u00a0240\u00a0days), 1.28% of CPS patients (AFU\u00a0=\u00a0244\u00a0days), and 0.30% low back pain patients (AFU\u00a0=\u00a0264\u00a0days). A total of 58\u2009083 bone fracture patients received naloxone prescriptions, and naloxone prescription was associated with subsequent opioid overdose (hazard ratio [HR]\u00a0=\u00a01.87, 95% CI\u00a0=\u00a01.68\u20132.09), and number of subsequent overdoses (incidence rate ratio [IRR]\u00a0=\u00a01.89, 95% CI\u00a0=\u00a01.69\u20132.12). A total of 19\u2009529 CPS patients received naloxone prescriptions, and naloxone prescription was associated with subsequent opioid overdose (HR\u00a0=\u00a01.69, 95% CI = 1.61\u20131.78) and number of subsequent overdoses (IRR\u00a0=\u00a01.74, 95% CI\u00a0=\u00a01.67\u20131.83). A total of 110\u2009608 low back pain patients received naloxone prescriptions, and naloxone prescription was associated with subsequent opioid overdose (HR\u00a0=\u00a01.33, 95% CI = 1.27\u20131.40) and number of subsequent overdoses (IRR\u00a0=\u00a01.35, 95% CI\u00a0=\u00a01.29\u20131.41).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Receiving a naloxone prescription appears to be associated with increased risk of subsequent opioid overdose among patients with acute and chronic pain, suggesting prescribers often identify patients most in need of naloxone.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/add.15643","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,19]],"date-time":"2021-07-19T14:03:14Z","timestamp":1626703394000},"page":"457-471","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Associations between naloxone prescribing and opioid overdose among patients with acute and chronic pain conditions"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"117","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3376-220X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fares","family":"Qeadan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family and Preventive Medicine University of Utah  375 Chipeta Way Ste A Salt Lake City UT 84108 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3146-4222","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Erin Fanning","family":"Madden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family Medicine and Public Health Sciences Wayne State University School of Medicine  3939 Woodward Ave. Detroit United States 48201 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","unstructured":"SAMHSA.Naloxone [Internet].2016[cited 2018 Feb 16]. 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