{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T14:35:45Z","timestamp":1792593345782,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":80,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,21]],"date-time":"2021-10-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1634774400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["71942001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["71942001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["31630034"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31630034"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Addiction"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Non\u2010invasive brain stimulation has shown potential in clinical applications aiming at reducing craving and consumption levels in individuals with drug addiction or overeating behaviour. However, it is unclear whether these intervention effects are maintained over time. This study aimed to measure the immediate, short\u2010 and long\u2010term effects of excitatory transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) and high\u2010frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) targeting at dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) in people with drug addiction or overeating.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A systematic review and random effects meta\u2010analysis. We included 20 articles (total of 22 studies using randomized controlled trials: 3 alcohol dependence, 3 drug dependence, 12 smoking, 4 overeating; total: 720 participants) from January 2000 to June 2020, which reported at least one follow\u2010up assessment of craving, consumption or abstinence levels after the intervention. We compared effects of active versus sham stimulation immediately after the intervention and at the last follow\u2010up assessment, as compared with baseline.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Excitatory neuromodulation of dlPFC activity reduced craving and consumption immediately after the intervention (craving:\n                      <jats:italic>g<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.734, CI = 0.447\u20131.021,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001; consumption:\n                      <jats:italic>g<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.527, CI = 0.309\u20130.745;\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001), as well as during short\u2010, mid\u2010 and long\u2010term abstinence (craving:\n                      <jats:italic>g<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.677, CI = 0.440\u20130.914,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001; consumption:\n                      <jats:italic>g<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.445, CI = 0.245\u20130.645,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001; abstinence levels:\n                      <jats:italic>g<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.698, CI = 0.433\u20130.963,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001; average time of follow\u2010up: 84\u2009\u00b1\u200983\u2009days after last stimulation). Additional analysis demonstrated that the intervention effects were sustained in all populations studied (food, nicotine, alcohol or drug abuse) and with both stimulation techniques used (rTMS, tDCS). Interventions targeting at the left (vs right) hemisphere may be more effective.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Excitatory neuromodulation targeting the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex appears to lead to a sustained reduction of craving and consumption in individuals with addiction or overeating behaviour.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/add.15686","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,13]],"date-time":"2021-09-13T04:05:28Z","timestamp":1631505928000},"page":"1242-1255","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":60,"title":["Reducing craving and consumption in individuals with drug addiction, obesity or overeating through neuromodulation intervention: a systematic review and meta\u2010analysis of its follow\u2010up effects"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"117","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1114-0116","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sensen","family":"Song","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, School of Humanities Tongji University  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4889-9700","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Zilverstand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry &amp; Behavioral Sciences University of Minnesota  Minneapolis MN USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenjun","family":"Gui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology Chinese Academy of Sciences  Beijing China"},{"name":"Department of Psychology University of Chinese Academy of Sciences  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuefei","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences Peking University  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaolin","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, School of Humanities Tongji University  Shanghai China"},{"name":"School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences Peking University  Beijing China"},{"name":"PKU\u2010IDG\/McGovern Institute for Brain Research Peking University  Beijing China"},{"name":"School of Psychology and Cognitive Science East China Normal University  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","unstructured":"United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime.UNODC World Drug Report 2020.https:\/\/www.unodc.org\/middleeastandnorthafrica\/en\/web-stories\/press-release---unodc-world-drug-report-2020.html. [Accessed 2 August 2020]."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","volume-title":"WHO global report on trends in prevalence of tobacco use 2000\u20132025","year":"2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","volume-title":"Global status report on alcohol and health 2018","year":"2018"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","unstructured":"WHO Global Health Observatory (GHO) data: Overweight and obesity.https:\/\/www.who.int\/gho\/ncd\/risk_factors\/overweight_text\/en\/. [Accessed 2 August 2020]."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2019.06.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2019.01.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2018.12.975"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(16)00104-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.159.10.1642"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2018.03.048"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2013.01.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2012.12.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2014.08.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-psych-122414-033457"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-0173(93)90013-P"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2014.08.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/PL00005483"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","first-page":"1183","article-title":"Neuromodulation interventions for addictive disorders: Challenges, promise, and roadmap for future research","volume":"140","author":"Spagnolo PA","year":"2017","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2004.11.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2011.10.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2008.152736"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2004.12.033"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7793.2000.t01-1-00633.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2015.02.053"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/add.14753"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2013.07.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2016.07.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.06.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2019.12.028"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.13741"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2017.11.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0233414"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2014.05.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1461145714000984"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2018.01198"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0212312"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1000097"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/1028415X.2018.1470371"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2020.109938"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/1028415X.2018.1513678"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2020.00598"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2019.01095"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2019.05.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PSY.0000000000000368"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PSY.0000000000000504"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.neuropsych.16040065"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40429-019-00241-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11892-019-1250-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2014.10.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2010.04.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_52_1","volume-title":"Handbook for systematic reviews of interventions version 5.1. 0","author":"Higgins J","year":"2011"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_53_1","volume-title":"Practical meta\u2010analysis","author":"Lipsey MW","year":"2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_54_1","unstructured":"MitchellM MuftakhidinovB WinchenT&J\u0119drzejewski\u2010SzmekZEngauge Digitizer Software. Webpage:http:\/\/markummitchell.github.io\/engauge-digitizerAccessed 2017;11."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_55_1","unstructured":"BorensteinM HedgesLV HigginsJP RothsteinHR.Introduction to Meta\u2010Analysis.2009."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jrsm.12"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0006-341X.2000.00455.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.d4002"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.1186"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.3202"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_9_61_1","first-page":"291","article-title":"The effects of Transcranial direct current stimulation of dorsolateral prefrontal cortex on reduction of craving in daily and social smokers","volume":"14","author":"Hajloo N","year":"2019","journal-title":"Iran J Psychiatry"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2018.2383"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2018.00014"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.b.32401"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2009.02777.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2008.02448.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eurpsy.2019.04.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-27057-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2014.03.036"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2018.00716"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2017.09.037"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.14111"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1139\/cjpp-2014-0188"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2020.0910"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2015.06.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000357941"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2020.108177"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2019.12.114"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2020.00260"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2020.05.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2019.00765"}],"container-title":["Addiction"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/add.15686","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/add.15686","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/add.15686","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,23]],"date-time":"2023-08-23T23:16:59Z","timestamp":1692832619000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/add.15686"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,21]]},"references-count":80,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/add.15686"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/add.15686","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0965-2140","1360-0443"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0965-2140","type":"print"},{"value":"1360-0443","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,21]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2021-01-19","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-09-01","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-10-21","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}