{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T01:37:42Z","timestamp":1777599462770,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,10]],"date-time":"2022-01-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1641772800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000027","name":"National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000027","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Addiction"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background and Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>Sobriety checkpoints are an effective strategy to reduce alcohol\u2010impaired driving, motor vehicle crashes, injuries and fatalities. The aim of this study was to identify the geographic extent over which individual sobriety checkpoints affect alcohol\u2010impaired driving.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design, Setting, Participants<\/jats:title><jats:p>Spatial ecological panel analysis using geolocated breath test data from the Queensland Police Service, Australia, for January 2012 to June 2018. Data were aggregated over 338\u2009weeks within 528 Statistical Area level 2 (SA2) units (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009178\u2009464 SA2\u2010weeks) and 84 Statistical Area level 3 (SA3) units (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200928\u2009392 SA3\u2010weeks). SA2 units in Queensland contain a mean population of 8883.5 (SD\u2009=\u200955\u2009018.3) and encompass 468.9 roadway kilometers (SD\u2009=\u20091490.0); SA3 units contain a mean population of 57\u2009201.6 (SD\u2009=\u200929521.6) and encompass 2936.0 roadway kilometers (SD\u2009=\u20097025.0).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Measurements<\/jats:title><jats:p>Independent measures were the density of sobriety checkpoints conducted per 500 roadway kilometers within local and spatially adjacent space\u2013time units. The dependent measure was the rate of tests that detected breath alcohol concentration (a proxy for blood alcohol concentration [BAC]) greater than the legal maximum value of 0.05% for fully licensed drivers in Queensland. Bayesian hierarchical spatial negative binomial models\u2010related sobriety checkpoints to the rate of breath tests with BAC\u2009\u2265\u20090.05% within and between space\u2013time units.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Findings<\/jats:title><jats:p>One additional sobriety checkpoint conducted per 500 roadway kilometers was associated with 2.5% reduction in the rate of breath tests with BAC\u2009\u2265\u20090.05% within local SA2 units (incidence rate ratio [IRR]\u2009=\u20090.975; 95% credibility interval (CrI): 0.973\u20130.978), and with 5.5% reduction in the rate of breath tests with BAC\u2009\u2265\u20090.05% within local SA3 units (IRR\u2009=\u20090.945; 95%CrI: 0.937\u20130.953). Associations were attenuated towards null in spatially adjacent units and in temporally lagged units (e.g. SA3\u2010weeks; adjacent lagged 1\u00a0week: IRR\u2009=\u20090.969; 95%CrI: 0.937\u20131.003).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Individual sobriety checkpoints appear to be associated with reductions in nearby alcohol\u2010impaired driving. Relationships decay after approximately 1\u00a0week and beyond local areas containing approximately 60\u2009000 residents and 3000\u2009kilometers of roadway.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/add.15766","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,3]],"date-time":"2021-12-03T03:50:21Z","timestamp":1638503421000},"page":"1450-1457","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["The geography of sobriety checkpoints and alcohol\u2010impaired driving"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"117","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6522-6420","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christopher N.","family":"Morrison","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health Columbia University  New York New York USA"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine Monash University  Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Muhire","family":"Kwizera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, Mailman School of Public Health Columbia University  New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qixuan","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, Mailman School of Public Health Columbia University  New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3658-9772","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cheneal","family":"Puljevic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Health Services Research The University of Queensland  Woolloongabba Queensland Australia"},{"name":"School of Public Health The University of Queensland  Herston Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Charles C.","family":"Branas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health Columbia University  New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Douglas J.","family":"Wiebe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics University of Pennsylvania  Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Corinne","family":"Peek\u2010Asa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Iowa College of Public Health Injury Prevention Research Center  Iowa City Iowa USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kirsten M.","family":"McGavin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research and Policy Development, Road Policing Command Queensland Police Service  Brisbane Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shellee J.","family":"Franssen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research and Policy Development, Road Policing Command Queensland Police Service  Brisbane Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vy K.","family":"Le","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research and Policy Development, Road Policing Command Queensland Police Service  Brisbane Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Keating","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research and Policy Development, Road Policing Command Queensland Police Service  Brisbane Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7474-0173","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jason","family":"Ferris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Health Services Research The University of Queensland  Woolloongabba Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","volume-title":"Global status report on road safety 2018. 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