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In high\u2010income countries, around one in 10 pregnant women smokes tobacco, while smokeless tobacco is the primary form of tobacco used in many low\u2010 and middle\u2010income countries. Although the risk of tobacco\u2010related harms can be reduced substantially if mothers cease smoking in the first trimester of pregnancy, the proportion of women who successfully quit smoking during pregnancy remains modest. Psychosocial interventions are first\u2010line treatment, with some high\u2010quality evidence showing that counselling is effective in promoting smoking cessation among pregnant women. There is insufficient evidence regarding the efficacy and safety of smoking cessation pharmacotherapies when used during pregnancy, although in some countries nicotine replacement therapy is recommended for pregnant women who have been unable to quit without pharmacological assistance. E\u2010cigarettes are increasingly being used as a smoking cessation aid in the general population of smokers, but more research is needed to determine if e\u2010cigarettes are a safe and effective treatment option for pregnant women.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/add.15792","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,5]],"date-time":"2022-01-05T10:15:26Z","timestamp":1641377726000},"page":"1801-1810","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":49,"title":["Tobacco use during pregnancy"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"117","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6563-8804","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alys","family":"Havard","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre UNSW Sydney  Sydney Australia"},{"name":"Centre for Big Data Research in Health UNSW Sydney  Sydney Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan James","family":"Chandran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CICADA Adolescent Drug and Alcohol Service, Department of Adolescent Medicine Sydney Children's Hospital  Sydney Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7799-3771","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ju Lee","family":"Oei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Newborn Care the Royal Hospital for Women  Randwick Australia"},{"name":"School of Women's and Children's Health UNSW Sydney  Sydney Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","volume-title":"WHO recommendations for the prevention and management of tobacco use and second\u2010hand smoke exposure in pregnancy","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","unstructured":"US Food and Drug Administration.Listing of ingredients in tobacco products: Guidance for industry2018[cited 2021 18 September]. 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