{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,23]],"date-time":"2026-08-23T16:02:11Z","timestamp":1787500931535,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,15]],"date-time":"2022-02-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1644883200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100014416","name":"Narodowy Instytut Lek\u00f3w","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100014416","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Addiction"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Drug use disorders are associated with increased risk of self\u2010harm. Risk differences associated with specific types of drug use disorders are yet to be comprehensively reported. This study aimed to examine the risk of self\u2010harm or suicide associated with different drug use disorders in Hong Kong.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Population\u2010based cohort study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The Clinical Data Analysis and Reporting System (CDARS) managed by the Hong Kong Hospital Authority.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cases were people ages 10\u00a0years or older who visited a hospital Accident and Emergency department between 1 January, 2004 and 31 December, 2016 with any of 10 specific drug use disorders (comprising opioid; ketamine; methamphetamine; sedative, hypnotic, or anxiolytic; amphetamine or related stimulant; cocaine; cannabis; hallucinogen; unspecified or other drug; and polydrug). Each case was matched with two controls, selected from a subset of people in CDARS sharing the same gender, age and psychiatric profile. A total of 8270 cases and 16\u2009540 matched controls were included.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Measurements<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Incidence and adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) of subsequent self\u2010harm or suicide for each specific drug use disorder were estimated.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Findings<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The most prevalent drug use disorder was opioid use disorder (2523; 30.51%) and the least prevalent was hallucinogen use disorder (77; 0.93%). The crude incidence of self\u2010harm or suicide ranged from 26.57 (95% CI, 14.23\u201344.55) per 1000 person\u2010years for cannabis use disorder to 91.97 (77.32\u2013108.37) for polydrug use disorder. The highest risk of self\u2010harm or suicide was observed in ketamine (aHR, 16.36; 95% CI, 11.03\u201324.29) and opioid (15.97; 10.73\u201323.23) use disorders.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In Hong Kong, all types of drug use disorders appear to be significantly associated with increased risk of self\u2010harm or suicide, but risk levels vary by type of drug use disorder.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/add.15820","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,3]],"date-time":"2022-02-03T05:40:19Z","timestamp":1643866819000},"page":"1940-1949","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Risk of self\u2010harm or suicide associated with specific drug use disorders, 2004\u20132016: a population\u2010based cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"117","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9191-2341","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yi","family":"Chai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Social Work and Social Administration, Faculty of Social Sciences The University of Hong Kong  Hong Kong SAR China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4261-3414","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hao","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Social Work and Social Administration, Faculty of Social Sciences The University of Hong Kong  Hong Kong SAR China"},{"name":"Sau Po Centre on Ageing The University of Hong Kong  Hong Kong SAR China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8763-6786","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yue","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Safe Medication Practice and Research, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine The University of Hong Kong  Hong Kong SAR China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2712-5826","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sherry K. W.","family":"Chan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences The University of Hong Kong  Hong Kong SAR China"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine The University of Hong Kong  Hong Kong SAR China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8645-1942","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kenneth K. C.","family":"Man","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Safe Medication Practice and Research, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine The University of Hong Kong  Hong Kong SAR China"},{"name":"Research Department of Practice and Policy, School of Pharmacy University College London  London UK"},{"name":"Laboratory of Data Discovery for Health, Hong Kong Science Park  Hong Kong SAR China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1596-4120","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paul S. 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