{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,13]],"date-time":"2026-02-13T20:42:21Z","timestamp":1771015341011,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,25]],"date-time":"2022-04-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1650844800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Addiction"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>To estimate the effect of acute alcohol consumption on risk\u2010taking while gambling, examine blood alcohol concentration as a moderator and explore possible moderators of this effect.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design, Setting and Participants<\/jats:title><jats:p>A systematic review and meta\u2010analysis was completed. A Boolean search strategy was used to identify studies that included (a) alcohol consumption as an independent variable; (b) a gambling or risk\u2010taking task; (c) a control or placebo comparison; (d) human participants; and (e) English publications. Descriptive information, sample characteristics and experimental data were extracted from each study. Searched databases included: PsycINFO, Web of Science, Medline, Cochrane Library and ProQuest Dissertations and Theses. Included as participants were experiments that compared the effects of alcohol and non\u2010alcoholic or placebo beverages on risk\u2010taking while gambling.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Measurement<\/jats:title><jats:p>Comprehensive Meta\u2010Analysis version 3.3.070 was used. Standardized mean differences of risk\u2010taking while gambling between the experimental and control conditions were calculated when studies did not report effect sizes. Random\u2010effects models were used for overall effect and meta\u2010regressions while mixed\u2010effects models were used for subgroup analyses.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Findings<\/jats:title><jats:p>Twenty articles containing 47 alcohol versus control comparisons met inclusion criteria. The overall Hedges\u2019<jats:italic>g<\/jats:italic> for the difference between groups consuming alcohol and groups consuming a placebo or non\u2010alcoholic drink control was 0.03, 95% confidence interval (CI)\u2009=\u2009\u22120.07, 0.12, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.60, indicating no significant difference. Larger effect sizes were found for studies using non\u2010alcoholic control drinks (Hedges\u2019 <jats:italic>g<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.30, 95% CI\u2009=\u20090.01, 0.58) compared to placebo beverages (Hedges\u2019 <jats:italic>g<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009\u22120.03, 95% CI\u2009=\u2009\u22120.13, 0.06), Cochran\u2019s <jats:italic>Q<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u20094.67, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.03.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Finding that acute alcohol consumption had no reliable effect on risk\u2010taking while gambling was consistent with existing animal research. No support was found for the relation between alcohol dose and risk\u2010taking. The significantly larger effect size for experiments using non\u2010alcoholic versus placebo beverages suggests the potential role of expectancy effects.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/add.15896","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,11]],"date-time":"2022-04-11T12:12:22Z","timestamp":1649679142000},"page":"2780-2790","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Does acute alcohol consumption increase risk\u2010taking while gambling? A systematic review and meta\u2010analysis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"117","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6445-4146","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tori L.","family":"Horn","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Memphis  Memphis TN USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2245-6450","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"James P.","family":"Whelan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Memphis  Memphis TN USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gregory T.","family":"Weil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The New School for Social Research  New York NY USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10899-010-9214-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.alcohol.2017.02.177"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-016-2747-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1360-0443.1999.9456977.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Alcohol intake can reduce gambling behavior","volume":"25","author":"Wagner G","year":"2018","journal-title":"Psychol Addict Behav"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/pha0000125"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","volume-title":"Problem and Pathological Gambling","author":"Whelan JP","year":"2007"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","volume-title":"Gambling Behaviour in Great Britain in 2016: Evidence from England, Scotland, and Wales","author":"Conolly A","year":"2018"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/16066359.2018.1448390"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","volume-title":"NSW gambling survey","author":"Browne M","year":"2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1524838015584374"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2017.03.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-015-1108-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0019114"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10899-005-3101-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDCP)Effects of blood alcohol concentration (BAC). 2015. 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