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IDU frequency, measured over the preceding month, was categorised as no IDU, irregular IDU (1\u20134\u00a0days IDU) and regular IDU (\u22655\u00a0days IDU). Incidence of any IDU was calculated at 3\u00a0months post\u2010release. Factors associated with IDU frequency were estimated using ordinal logistic regression.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Findings<\/jats:title><jats:p>Most (83%) participants reported post\u2010release IDU (265 per 100 person\u2010years, 95% CI, 227\u2013309); with half (48%) reporting regular IDU, 23% irregular IDU and 29% no IDU in the month preceding follow\u2010up. Poorer psychological well\u2010being at follow\u2010up (General Health Questionnaire [GHQ\u201012] score; adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 1.18; 95% CI, 1.07\u20131.29) and post\u2010release unemployment (AOR, 4.57; 95% CI, 1.67\u201312.49) were associated with increased IDU frequency. Retention in opioid agonist treatment (AOR, 0.49; 95% CI, 0.24\u20130.98) was associated with reduced IDU frequency. Non\u2010linear (inverted\u2010u) associations between IDU frequency and age (age: AOR, 1.51; 95% CI, 1.17\u20131.96; age\u2010squared: AOR, 0.99; 95% CI, 0.99\u20130.99) and pre\u2010imprisonment IDU frequency (pre\u2010imprisonment IDU frequency: AOR, 1.36; 95% CI, 1.15\u20131.61; pre\u2010imprisonment IDU frequency\u2010squared: AOR, 0.99; 95% CI, 0.99\u20130.99) were found, with odds peaking at age 39 and 19\u2009days IDU, respectively. Longer baseline sentence length was associated with reduced odds of irregular and regular IDU (AOR, 0.99; 95% CI, 0.99\u20130.99).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Among Australian men who inject drugs before imprisonment, resumption of injecting drug use after release from prison appears to be common, with imprisonment seeming to have little impact on reducing injecting drug use behaviour.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/add.15971","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,6]],"date-time":"2022-06-06T07:18:59Z","timestamp":1654499939000},"page":"2887-2898","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["High rates of resumption of injecting drug use following release from prison among men who injected drugs before 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