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The current study tested the effect of 10 add\u2010on sessions of HF\u2010rTMS over the right dorsolateral pre\u2010frontal cortex (DLPFC) on alcohol use and craving.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Single\u2010center, single blind sham\u2010controlled parallel\u2010group RCT (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200980), with 3 and 6\u00a0months follow\u2010up.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title><jats:p>Clinical treatment center in Amsterdam, the Netherlands.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title><jats:p>Eighty detoxified and abstinent AUD inpatients in clinical treatment (20 females, average age\u2009=\u200944.35\u2009years).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Intervention<\/jats:title><jats:p>Ten sessions of active or sham HF\u2010rTMS (60 10\u00a0Hz trains of 5\u00a0sec at 110% motor threshold) over the right DLPFC on 10 consecutive work\u2010days.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Measurements<\/jats:title><jats:p>The primary outcome measure is the number of abstinent days over 6\u2010month follow\u2010up (FU). Secondary outcome measures are craving over 6\u2010month FU (alcohol urge questionnaire and obsessive\u2010compulsive drinking scale), time to first relapse over 6\u2010month FU and grams of alcohol consumed over 6\u2010month FU. Additional outcome measures: full abstinence over 6\u2010month FU and treatment success over 12\u2010month FU.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Findings<\/jats:title><jats:p>HF\u2010rTMS did not affect the number of abstinent days over 6\u00a0months FU [sham\u2009=\u2009124\u2009\u00b1\u200965.9\u00a0days, active\u2009=\u2009115\u2009\u00b1\u200969.8\u00a0days, difference: 9\u00a0days, 95% confidence interval (CI)\u2009=\u2009Poisson model: 0.578\u20133.547]. Moreover, HF\u2010rTMS did not affect craving (AUQ\/OCDS) (sham\u2009=\u200915.38\/5.28, active\u2009=\u200917.48\/4.75, differences\u2009=\u20092.1\/\u22120.53, 95% CI mixed\u2010effects model\u2009=\u2009\u22129.14 to 2.07\/\u22121.44 to 2.40).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>There was no clear evidence that high\u2010frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation over the right dorsolateral pre\u2010frontal cortex treatment has a long\u2010term positive effect on alcohol use or craving as add\u2010on treatment for alcohol use disorder. High treatment response at 6\u2010month follow\u2010up could have limited the possibility to find an effect.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/add.16025","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,16]],"date-time":"2022-08-16T05:05:01Z","timestamp":1660626301000},"page":"71-85","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Effects of 10 add\u2010on HF\u2010rTMS treatment sessions on alcohol use and craving among detoxified inpatients with alcohol use disorder: a randomized sham\u2010controlled clinical trial"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"118","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0900-8565","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Monja","family":"Hoven","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Amsterdam UMC, Department of Psychiatry University of Amsterdam  Amsterdam the Netherlands"},{"name":"Amsterdam Institute for Addiction Research  Amsterdam the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0598-5251","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ren\u00e9e S.","family":"Schluter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Amsterdam UMC, Department of Psychiatry University of Amsterdam  Amsterdam the Netherlands"},{"name":"Amsterdam Institute for Addiction Research  Amsterdam the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7715-5209","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arnt F.","family":"Schellekens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior, Department of Psychiatry Radboud University Medical Centre  Nijmegen the Netherlands"},{"name":"Nijmegen Institute for Scientist\u2010Practitioners in Addiction (NISPA)  Nijmegen the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruth J.","family":"van Holst","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Amsterdam UMC, Department of Psychiatry University of Amsterdam  Amsterdam the Netherlands"},{"name":"Amsterdam Institute for Addiction Research  Amsterdam the Netherlands"},{"name":"Center for Urban Mental Health University of Amsterdam  the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8670-9384","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna E.","family":"Goudriaan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Amsterdam UMC, Department of Psychiatry University of Amsterdam  Amsterdam the Netherlands"},{"name":"Amsterdam Institute for Addiction Research  Amsterdam the Netherlands"},{"name":"Center for Urban Mental Health University of Amsterdam  the Netherlands"},{"name":"Arkin and Jellinek Mental Health Care  Amsterdam the Netherlands"},{"name":"Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute  Amsterdam the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2006.10.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2009.03.038"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0029-1216356"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(09)60009-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2004.12.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0278-5846(03)00081-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conb.2013.05.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","volume-title":"Global Status Report on Alcohol and Health 2018","author":"World Health Organization (WHO)","year":"2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","volume-title":"Jaarbericht Nationale Drug Monitor 2018 [internet]"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00952990.2018.1528265"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/HRP.0000000000000079"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2018.11406"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)00122-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10608-012-9476-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2015.08.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","unstructured":"LundahlBW KunzC BrownellC TollefsonD BurkeBL.A Meta\u2010Analysis of Motivational Interviewing: Twenty\u2010Five Years of Empirical Studies 2010[internet]. 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